Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 2 ppt

... (%) 0 10 100 19.090.0 28 .181.0 37 .29 72. 9 46.56 65.6 55.959.0 65.31 53.1 74.78 47.8 84.343.0 93.87 38.7 10 3.49 34.9 11 3.14 31.4 12 2. 82 28 .2 13 2. 54 25 .4 14 2. 29 22 .9 15 2. 06 20 .6 16 1.85 18.5 17 ... (−2m, −5m, 2 m) gives a new location vector (−2m, 0, −5m). The distance between two locations (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) is given by: D 2 1 =  (x...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... SciLab without writing a FORTRAN simulation code. 3. 12. 8 Analytical Solution Equations (3.37) and (3.38) can be combined to yield: d 2 X dt 2 =−Ω 2 X and d 2 Y dt 2 =−Ω 2 Y (3. 42) The solution of these ... Then, Eq. (3.60) can be written as: ∂T ∂t = K z ∂ 2 T ∂z 2 (3. 62) 52 3 Basics of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Fig. 3 .20 The centripetal force for a variation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... f ∂x + Δx 2 1 2 ∂ 2 f ∂x 2 − Δx 3 1 2 ·3 ∂ 3 f ∂x 3 +··· (4.3) J. K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3-6 42- 00 820 -7 4, C  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 20 09 65 72 4 Long ... proxy for the firs derivative, we obtain: f (x + Δx) − f (x − Δx) 2 x = A sin [ 2 (x +Δx)/λ ] − A sin [ 2 (x −Δx)/λ ] 2 x With some mathematical manipulation, the la...

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... FiniteTimeStepandTimeLevel 8 2. 2 .2 ExplicitTime-ForwardIteration 8 2. 2.3 Condition of Numerical Stability for Explicit Scheme . . . . 8 2. 2.4 ImplicitTime-ForwardIteration 9 2. 2.5 Hybrid Schemes . 9 2. 2.6 Other ... 25 3.6.1 Aim 25 3.6 .2 TaskDescription 25 3.6.3 SampleScript 26 3.6.4 AGlimpseofResults 26 3.6.5 ARuleofThumb 26 3.7 Forces 27 3.7.1 WhatForcesDo 27...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3-6 42- 00 820 -7 5, C  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 20 09 91 4.6 Exercise 7: Long Waves in a Layered Fluid 87 Fig. 4 .20 Examples of natural ... dispersion relation for long surface gravity waves, c = √ gH, forcing periods triggering a so-called resonance response in a closed channel, are given by: T ≈ 2 m L √ gH fo...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... equations. 6.1 .2 Implementation of the Coriolis Force The shallow-water equations are solved in the following steps. J. K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3-6 42- 00 820 -7 6, C  Springer-Verlag ... simulation Fig. 5.14 Exercise 12. Trajectories of 500 Lagrangian float over 12 h of simulation 118 5 2D Shallow-Water Modelling Fig. 5 .20 Exercise 14. Same as...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... about 0 .25 m/s or 22 km per day. Planetary Rossby waves in a flui of uniform density follow the dispersion rela- tion (Cushman-Roisin, 1994): T = λ x β R 2  1 + (2 ) 2 ( R/λ ) 2  (6 .29 ) where ... by: c x =− β R 2  1 + (2 ) 2 ( R/λ ) 2  (6.30) This zonal phase speed is always negative, implying a phase propagation with a westward component. The deformation radius is R = 22...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... two-layer ocean, for instance, this assumption implies that: P 2 = 0 = ρ 1 g η 1 +(ρ 2 −ρ 1 ) g η 2 (6.54) leading to the relation between sea-level elevations and interface displacements: η 1 =− ρ 2 −ρ 1 ρ 1 η 2 (6.55) Oceanographers ... set to Δx = Δy = 2 km. The ocean is approximated by a two-layer system. Density of the top layer is chosen at ρ 1 = 1 027 .25 kg m −3 . Den...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... v 2 =−g  ∂η 2 ∂x − τ bot x h 2 ρ 2 ∂v 2 ∂t +u 2 ∂v 2 ∂x +v 2 ∂v 2 ∂y + fu 2 =−g  ∂η 2 ∂y − τ bot y h 2 ρ 2 (6. 72) ∂η 2 ∂t + ∂(u 2 h 2 ) ∂x + ∂(v 2 h 2 ) ∂y = 0 where g  = (ρ 2 − ρ 1 )/ρ 2 g ... 20 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 62, 68, 69, 87, 121 , 128 plane, 21 , 96 refraction, 95–98 shoaling, 85 standing, 25 , 86, 131 Wavelength, 20 , 21 , 24...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... environmental modelling into a GIS-based model for monitoring the passing of infectious diseases between individuals. The goal of this model is to provide disease-specific forecasts for the future ... Zealand) or their rank orders over time. Figure 2. 3 shows the result of an MDS algorithm for representing New Zealand in space and time. Figure 2. 2 Example of a sequence of gradual t...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20