Báo cáo sinh học: "Estimating rates and patterns of morphological evolution from phylogenies: lessons in limb lability from Australian Lerista lizards" ppsx

... characters.Phylogenetic studies are only the beginning of integrativeapproaches to understanding evolution of body form in living taxa. In addition to inferring the ‘what happened’ and ‘how quickly’, we also want ... that the rates of evolutionary change were actuallymuch slower. Clearly, there is considerable uncertainty in estimating these ages, which may influence estimates of rates. Estimates of evolutionary ... origins of the burrowing morph remain to be docu-mented among the ‘skinks’ (the common name for lizards of the family Scincidae), given that skinks include many limb- reduced taxa not yet included...

Báo cáo sinh học: " Biochemical prevention and treatment of viral infections – A new paradigm in medicine for infectious diseases" doc

... relatingto low potency and cost. Peptide-based drug candidatesare limited by insufficient efficacy and unfavorable phar-macokinetics. MAbs have increasingly gained favor in large part because of ... target-ing mRNA for degradation and indirectly inhibiting all viralRNA transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:2718-2723.45. Gitlin L, Karelsky S, Andino R: Short interfering RNA confersintracellular ... two-thirds of infants are infected with RSVduring the first year of life and approximately 95% of children test seropositive for RSV by the age of two [6].Unfortunately, even natural RSV infection...

báo cáo sinh học:" The training and expectations of medical students in Mozambique" doc

... 2).Financial supportSixty-nine percent of the students were self-financing theirmedical education; 19% received a scholarship from thegovernment, 6% from an international NGO and theremainder ... theprivate for profit sector and 21% the private not for profitsector. Of 186 students who preferred the public sector, 36%indicated the intention of combining a public sector jobwith work in the private ... or in some other cate-gory (5%). Forty-six percent reported having uncles and/ or aunts that were associated with the health profession,with 24% having friends working in the discipline and 30%...

báo cáo sinh học:" Appropriate training and retention of community doctors in rural areas: a case study from Mali" pdf

... draws lessons from this experience, focusingon processes and mechanisms operating in the relationbetween training and retention in rural practice.Determinants of staff turnover in rural and ... other incentives and support mechanisms (follow upvisits, continuing training, mentoring ) affecting job satisfaction.Conclusion: Training increasing self confidence and self esteem of rural ... implicationsAs the training consists to a large extent in compensatingfor shortcomings of the medical school-based training, areasonable approach would be to incorporate this kind of training in the basic...

báo cáo sinh học:" The distribution and transitions of physicians in Japan: a 1974–2004 retrospective cohort study" pot

... leaving rates of HPsFigure 2 shows the cumulative rates of HPs who withdrew from hospital work in each of the classes of 1970, 1980 and 1990. The numbers of HPsin the classes of 1970,1980 and ... of HPs and OPs.Follow-up research on leaving rates of HPsFor each of the classes of 1970, 1980 and 1990, physicianswho worked in hospitals in their fifth year of experiencewere defined, and ... surgery.Possible impact of changes in initial clinical training systemJapan introduced a new clinical training system in 2004, and this will probably affect physicians' career choices in the future....

báo cáo sinh học:" Costing the scaling-up of human resources for health: lessons from Mozambique and Guinea Bissau" docx

... cost of training in the health sector, including initial and on-the job training (or continuous medical education), post-graduate training and scholarships, and; (c) to calculatethe cost of ... and as part of the development of themain HRDP. Preliminary findings on budget ceilings and cost implications provided an input into the elaboration of the main HRDP, and the costing report was ... evaluation of alterna-tive policy scenarios, such as increasing/decreasing thenumber of personnel, increasing training capacity and raising or decompressing salaries under different fundingceilings.The...

báo cáo sinh học:" Job satisfaction and motivation of health workers in public and private sectors: cross-sectional analysis from two Indian states" ppt

... hospitals, and 25 primary health clinics and/ or solo practitioners wererandomly selected from the lists of public and privatefacilities in e ach district, using a random starting point and fixed ... [15]. TheJoint Learning Initiative Report also highlights theimportance of management culture and working condi-tions in affecting motivation, and cites small studies in four African and Asian ... Institute of Management, Lucknow, India.3The Institute of Health Systems, Hyderabad, India.Authors’ contributionsDHP conceived of the study, participated in the design and coordination,and...

Báo cáo sinh học: " Tumor escape and progression of HER-2/neu negative breast cancer under immune pressure" potx

... carcinomas arise from HER-2/neu positive DCIS under the immune pressure.Introduction In recent years, there has been emerging evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies, including ... view of the role of IFN-gproducing T cells in protecting the host against cancers.For example, IFN-g was shown to promote immuneediting and subsequent tumor escape in the CT26 coloncarcinoma ... hypermethyla-tion of the neu promoter and loss of neu both at mRNA and protein levels [3,5], resulting in escape of the tumor from further neu-specific immune responses. On theclinical front, elevated...

Báo cáo sinh học: " Detection, quantification and genotyping of Herpes Simplex Virus in cervicovaginal secretions by real-time PCR: a cross sectional survey" potx

... problemsrelating to sensitivity of the HSV-1 and -2 probe relativebinding. In a single step multiplex assay mutations in theprobe binding area are reported to lead to a loss in sensi-tivity and error in ... effec-tiveness of any current intervention, determining the effi-cacy of drugs, assessing drug resistance and are usefulresearch tools in the study of the epidemiology of transmission.The discrimination ... possible role of other co-infections in thesecretion of HSV in CVL fluid and HSV transmission wereinvestigated.ResultsStudy subjectsSeventy subjects included in the study were of median age27...

Báo cáo sinh học: "Comprehensive curation and analysis of global interaction networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" doc

... for interrogation of gene and protein function, including DNA microarrays for globalgene-expression profiling and location of DNA-bindingfactors, and a comprehensive set of gene deletion strains ... enrichment of interaction pairs as a function of protein abundancefor each indicated dataset. Protein or gene pairs were separated into bins representing increasing protein abundance as derived from ... number of interactions in the LC dataset (left) and standard HTP datasets (right).Protein-protein interactions, blue; gene-gene interactions, yellow. (b) The number of publications that contain interaction...

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