Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Optical WDM Networks phần 1 pot

... Bài toán RWA ( Routing and Wavelength Assignment) được chia làm hai phần: định tuyến và gán bước sóng. 3.4. Định tuyến (Routing) 3.4 .1. Giới thiệu Định tuyến được coi là thành phần cốt yếu ... sóng trong mạng WDM (Routing and Wavelength Assignment) . Đồ án được chia thành bốn chương:  Chương 1: Tổng quan về hệ thống thông tin quang.  Chương 2: Giới thiệu về hệ thống WDM.  Chương ... sau: Chương 1: Tổng quan về hệ thống thông tin quang 1 CHƯƠNG 1 TỔNG QUAN VỀ HỆ THỐNG THÔNG TIN QUANG. 1. 1. Giới thiệu chương Lượng thông tin trao đổi trong các hệ thống thông tin ngày nay...

... Communications and NetworkingVolume 2006, Article ID 56 914 , Pages 1 11 DOI 10 .11 55/WCN/2006/56 914 Routing and Power Allocation in Asynchronous GaussianMultiple-Relay ChannelsZigui Yang and Anders ... Transactions onInformation Theory.4 EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and NetworkingBlock 1 x 1 (w 1 )x2 (1) x3 (1) x4 (1) Block 2x 1 (w2)x2(w 1 )x3(w 1 )x4 (1) Block 3x 1 (w3)x2(w2)x3(w2)x4(w 1 )Block ... allo-cation policy in Theorem 3 on the path selected. 10 EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 11 0Power (dB) 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 100Outage probabilityR...

... 80 USD. In đầy đủ trang web Nếu tiện ích Internet Explorer “cắt đi” phần bên phải của trang web mà bạn cần in, hãy kiểm tra trên website của hãng sản xuất máy in để tải về phần mềm miễn ... các bản in cuối cùng ở dạng tập tin PDF, vì thế bạn có thể in chúng với bất kỳ máy in nào. Thậm chí website của HP còn giúp bạn thiết kế các tài liệu phức tạp như bảng phân công, thông tin liên ... có thể mua loại có dung tích gấp đôi với giá 10 0 USD. Kết nối trực tiếp Hầu hết các máy in ảnh hiện nay đều cung cấp 1 cổng ở phía trước để in ảnh trực tiếp từ máy ảnh số mà không cần...

... those being deployed in the BTnetwork, containing line terminals and optical line amplifiers, which is usedto interconnect SDH line terminals.The optical line terminals and optical line amplifiers ... equipment.– Interworking between equipment with existing single-channel optical interfaces (ITU-T Recommendation G.957, 19 99) and equipmentcontaining optical transport network functionality. 316 OPTICAL ... functionality. 316 OPTICAL WDM NETWORKS – optical protection state– latching alarms, inhibiting alarm reporting– initiation of 15 minute and 24 hour performance monitoring bins– network element...

... Scheme∵∆2=i+m 1 r=i (1 − αr)j+n 1 q=jCrq−i+m 1 r=i 1 2j+n 1 q=jCrq (14 )=i+m 1 r=iC0r− drC0r+j+n 1 q=jCrqj+n 1 q=jCrq− 1 2j+n 1 q=jCrq (15 )=i+m 1 r=iC0r−j+n 1 q=jCrq− ... 0 and j+n 1 q=jθR−f ixqr= C0r/2 − dr= 1 2j+n 1 q=jCrq.∵∆3=i+m 1 r=i (1 − αr)j+n 1 q=jCrq−i+m 1 r=i 1 2j+n 1 q=jCrq (18 )=i+m 1 r=iC0r−j+n 1 q=jCrq− ... in [17 ,18 ], whereNj =1 rij≤ 1, 1 ≤ i ≤ N and Ni =1 rij≤ 1, 1 ≤ j ≤ N, will not be satisfiedby all nodes. So by appropriately applying the joint RN selection, channel allocation and DyTSA...

... [13 ].FrequencyMuscle Fat(εr) ρ(S.m 1 ) Z0(Ω)(εr) ρ(S.m 1 ) Z0(Ω) 10 0 66.2 0.73 31. 6 12 .7 0.07 92.4400 58 0.82 43.7 11 .6 0.08 10 8900 56 0.97 48.2 11 .3 0 .11 11 1Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA), ... Article ID 479 512 , 7 pagesdoi :10 .11 55/2009/479 512 Research ArticleOn PHY and MAC Performance in Body Sensor Networks Sana Ullah, 1 Henry Higgins,2S. M. Riazul Islam, 1 Pervez Khan, 1 and Kyung ... u r e (◦C)2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Sleep timeAlohaCSMA/CAFigure 8: Saturated temperature using aloha and CSMA/CA. 10 1 100 10 1 102Packet delivery ratio (%)−25 −20 15 10 −5Transmission power...

... 6.2 1. 4 5.5 1. 2 0.06Immediate memory 8 .1 1. 4 7.9 1. 2 0.57Learning 8.6 1. 2 8.9 1. 1 0.35Delayed recall 8.3 1. 4 8 .1 1. 3 0.63Recognition 9.9±0.3 9.8±0.4 0.69Category fluency 17 .8±5 .1 16.0±4 .1 0 .13 Clock drawing ... Comparison between the groups of complainers and non-complainers in the different cognitive tests. Cognitive test Non-complainers Complainers pDigit span forward 5 .1 1. 1 4.9 1. 0 0.44Digit span backward 3.7 1. 0 3.4±0.9 0.26Incidental memory ... 2008;2 (1) :42-45Memory loss is one of the most common complaints arising in consultations with elderly people, being reported by 25% to 50% of these individuals. 1  However, whether these subjective memory complaints (SMC) are related to objective memory deficits or to subsequent development of dementia, remains a matter of debate.A recent review found that SMCs are not consistently associated with current cognitive impairment, but rather are associated with a greater risk of future cognitive de-cline.2 Indeed, the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which entails an increased likelihood of conversion to dementia, demands the existence of SMCs, preferably confirmed by an informant.3High age, female gender and low educational level are generally associated with a higher prevalence of memory complaints. 1 In an autopsy study, SMCs were found to be related to the presence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathol-ogy in elderly with and without dementia, suggesting that memory complaints in older persons may be a sign of self awareness of a degenerative process.4However, SMCs might also be related to depression and some personality traits, such as neuroticism.2 It is also pos-sible that these complaints vary according to the culture of the people studied. In a recent Brazilian study, Minett et al. found that subjects with and without SMCs performed similarly in a series of cognitive tests, although the former had higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale.5The present study aimed to further investigate this topic  in a group of cognitively healthy Brazilian elderly subjects which were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of SMCs and submitted to brief cognitive tests.MethodsSixty cognitively intact elderly individuals (39 females  and 21 males), aged 69.9±6.3 years (ranging from 60 to  91 years), and with mean educational level of 8.5±5.5 years (ranging from 1 to 20 years), were included in the study. These individuals were family caregivers of demented pa-tients followed at the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, and also volunteers recruited from the community.Inclusion criteria were absence of neurological or psy-chiatric diseases according to a clinical interview, absence of depression (see below), and no use of benzodiazepines, antidepressants or neuroleptics. All participants were submitted to the Mini-Mental State-Examination (MMSE)6,7 and to the Cornell scale of depression.8,9 Performance on the MMSE was adjusted for educational level and had to be greater than or equal to  21 for 1- 3 years of schooling, greater than or equal to 24 for 4-7 years and greater than or equal to 26 for individuals with 8 or more years of schooling. 10  Scores on the Cornell scale of depression had to be less than or equal to 7 points  in order to rule out depression.8Cognitive evaluation was carried out with the follow-ing tests: the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) 11 ,12 , digit span forward and backward and the Frontal Assess-ment Battery (FAB). 13 ,14  The BCSB includes a memory test of 10  simple figures and yields different scores, namely: incidental and immediate memory, learning, delayed recall  and recognition. 15 ,16  The battery also includes a category fluency test (animals per minute) and clock drawing and has proven very sensitive in the diagnosis of mild AD. 12  The FAB is a brief diagnostic instrument for the assessment of executive functions in patients with suspected frontal lobe syndrome. 13 All individuals were given a structured self-report memory questionnaire, the MAC-Q. 17  This questionnaire was devised to assess age-related memory decline. It is composed by six questions related to memory function-ing in everyday situations (e.g., to remember a telephone number that he/she uses at least once a week) in which the subject is asked to compare and rate his/her current ability to when he/she was 40 years’ old. The total score on the MAC-Q ranges from 7 to 35, where greater scores in- dicate subjective memory loss. Scores greater than or equal to 25 have been found to be suggestive of age-associated memory impairment. Accordingly, in the present study, the individuals were divided into two groups: absence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores <25) and presence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores ≥25). The performance of the two groups on the different cognitive tests was compared.One of the authors administered the MMSE, the Cor-nell scale and the MAC-Q. Subsequently, the other inves-tigator, blinded to the subjects’ results for these three mea-sures, administered the cognitive evaluation.Descriptive analysis of the data and statistical compari-sons between the performances of the two groups on the different cognitive tests were carried out with MedCalc software. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of age, educational level and MMSE scores, as well as for the results of the other cognitive tests (digit span, BCSB and FAB). Chi-square was employed for comparing gender distribu-tion of the two groups. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics...

... Camdev III investments be financed as follows: CFAF millions CFAF millions 4 923.24 1 838.32 1 999. 81 447.48 1 038.46 2 352.00 600.00 11 0.93 13 310 .24 612 .46 411 .29 319 .89 12 1.97 234.98 ... features 3.2 .1 Agriculture and other rural activities 3.2 .1. 1 Crops and farming practices 3.2 .1. 2 Livestock 3.2 .1. 3 Income 3.2 .1. 4 Hunting 3.2 .1. 5 Forestry 3.2 .1. 6 Fishing 3.2.2 Land tenure ... La plaine, dans son ensemble, est xxvi 3 .1. 3 Land suitability classification 3 .1. 4 Climate 3 .1. 4 .1 Rainfall 3 .1. 4.2 Temperature 3 .1. 4.3 Relative humidity 3 .1. 4.4 Sunshine and incoming radiation...

... established a working group on children and armed conflict and a UN monitoring and reporting mechanism to collect information on violations against children in armed conflict, including sexual violence. ... abuse, including sexual violence; o Ensure that all soldiers of all ranks—including those recently integrated into the army—receive regular, mandatory training on civilian protection, including ... training for each new brigade was insufficient, but only some brigades received additional training. Overall, 18 brigades were integrated. Following national and provincial elections in...

... M, Weich B,Wystub S et al. (2005) Neuroglobin and cytoglobin in search of their role in the vertebrate globin family.J Inorg Biochem 99, 11 0 11 9. 31 Pesce A, Bolognesi M, Bocedi A, Ascenzi P, ... 73 31 7335. 21 Burmester T, Gerlach F & Hankeln T (2007) Regula-tion and role of neuroglobin and cytoglobin underhypoxia. Adv Exp Med Biol 618 , 16 9 18 0.22 Nikinmaa M (20 01) Haemoglobin function in ... AM93 314 4 (Hbb),AM747267 (Mb1), AM747268 (Mb2),AM93 314 5 (Ngb) and AM93 314 6 (Cygb1)(Received 6 March 2008, revised 6 May2008, accepted 15 May 2008)doi :10 .11 11/ j .17 42-4658.2008.06508.xGoldfish...