SOIL MECHANICS - CHAPTER 1 docx

... and the facilities of the airport.Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1. 2 HistoryFigure 1. 1: Landslide near Weesp, 19 18. Soil mechanics has been developed in the beginning of the ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 4Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 1. INTRODUCTION 12 Problems 1. 1 In times of high water in the rivers in the Netherlands, when ... of Engineers (KIvI), with about 10 00 members. 1. 3 Why Soil Mechanics ? Soil mechanics has become a distinct and separate branch of engineering mechanics because soils have a number of special...

... Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 5. STRESSES IN A LAYER 365.4 Solve the same problem if the depth of the water is 15 m. And when it is 10 0 m.5.5 A certain soil has a dry volumetric weight of 15 .7 kN/m3, ... depth of 10 m the effective stress is 200 kPa- 10 0 kPa =10 0 kPa.Formally, the distribution of the effective stress can b e found from the basic equation σzz= σzz− p, or, with (5 .1) and (5.2),σzz= ... the soil. In later chapters a pro-cedure for the calculation of these settlements willbe presented. For this purpose first the relation be-tween effective stress and deformation must be consid-ered.Subsidence...

... measured.Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 7. PERMEABILITY 46Type of soil k (m/s)gravel 10 −3− 10 1 sand 10 −6− 10 −3silt 10 −8− 10 −6clay 10 10 − 10 −8Table 7 .1: Hydraulic conductivity ... of clay are about 10 0 or 10 00 times smaller than those of sand. An indication ofthe hydraulic conductivity of various soils is given in Table 7 .1. 45Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 7. PERMEABILITY ... hydraulic conductivity k range from 10 −6m/s to 10 −3m/s. For clay the hydraulic conductivity usually is several orders of magnitudesmaller, for instance k = 10 −9m/s, or even smaller. This...

... account.It follows from (15 .11 ) and (15 .12 ), assuming that the hydraulic conductivity k is constant,∂εvol∂t= −nβ∂p∂t+kγw∂2p∂z2. (15 .13 )Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 15 . CONSOLIDATION ... (15 . 21) it now follows thatt = 0 : p =σ 1 + nβ/mv. (15 .22)Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 15 . CONSOLIDATION 91 including the influence of the weight of the soil layers as a given initial state, ... εvol= −nβp. (15 .20)On the other hand, it follows from (15 .5), taking into account that in this case εvol= ε,εvol= −mv(σ − p). (15 . 21) From equations (15 .20) and (15 . 21) it now follows...

... Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 21. TRIAXIAL TEST 12 7σ3= σc, ( 21. 4)It should be noted that the stresses in the sample are assumed to ... or even higher, whereas φ may vary from 15 ◦to 30◦. For the determination of c and φ of clay careArnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 21. TRIAXIAL TEST 12 9........................................................................................................................ ... 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21. 6: Apparent shear plane in triaxial test.Problems 21. 1 On two soils samples, having a diameter of 3.8 cm, triaxial tests are performed, at cell pressures of 10 kPa and 20 kPa,...

... Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 33. RANKINE 18 2σ3= 1 −sin φ 1 + sin φσ 1 − 2ccos φ 1 + sin φ. (33.2)This relation has been derived before, in Chapter 20. The two coeffi cients ... in this equation can be related by noting thatcos φ 1 + sin φ= 1 −sin2φ 1 + sin φ= (1 + sin φ) (1 −sin φ) 1 + sin φ= 1 −sin φ 1 + sin φ. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ... the soil. acts as a surcharge.The total horizontal force now isQ = 1 2Kaγh2r, (33 .12 )in which hris the reduced height of the wall,hr= h − 2c/γ√Ka. (33 .13 )Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics...

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