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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 7 pps

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 1 pdf

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 1 pdf

... Laminar flow, 11 14.5 Turbulent flow, 11 34.6 Stratified flow, 11 74.7 Particle settling, 11 94.8 Particle transport by flows, 12 14.9 Waves and liquids, 12 54 .10 Transport by waves, 13 14 .11 Granular ... flow, 13 34 .12 Turbidity flows, 13 84 .13 Flow through porous and granular solids, 14 24 .14 Fractures, 14 44 .15 Faults, 15 64 .16 Solid bending, buckling, and folds, 17 24 .17 Seismic waves, 17 94 .18 ... plates “sink” into the lower mantle during numerical “experiments.”LEED-Ch- 01. qxd 11 /26/05 12 :17 Page 3 1. 1 .1 Lateral thinking from general principles Physical processes on Earth and other...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 2 ppt

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 2 ppt

... asFig. 2. 21 Continuity of volume: constant density case in 1D.a = areaa 2 > a1r = constantu1u 2 a1a 2 Q1Q 2 Q1= Q 2 = a1u1 = a 2 u 2 u1 > u 2 Fig. 2. 22 Continuity ... variable density case in 1D.a = areaa 2 > a1u1u 2 a1a 2 r1r 2 m 2 m1r = variablem1= m 2 = a1r1u1 = a 2 r 2 u 2 LEED-Ch- 02. qxd 11 /26 /05 12: 45 Page 33 Forces and dynamics 39ABCDABCDQ in Discharge ... at standard surface pressure and 20 °C T is 29 .2 g. The density of air is thus 29 .2/ V = 1 .21 kg m–3LEED-Ch-03.qxd 11 /27 /05 3:58 Page 46 30 Chapter 2 Earth is 7 .29 и 10Ϫ5rad sϪ1. In order...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 3 pot

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 3 pot

... (Section 3. 8). 3. 13. 4 The stress ellipse, the stress ellipsoid, and the principal stressesThe whole family of tractions acting over a certain pointdefine an ellipse in 2D and an ellipsoid in 3D. In ... North Polar rotation axis(Figs 3. 38 and 3. 39) Earth spins anticlockwise, with eachsuccessive latitude band, ␾, increasing in angular velocitypoleward by ⍀ sin ␾. Since the vorticity of a solid ... F3z = s 3 sin u A sin u (24) F1x = s1 sin u A cos u (25) F3x = s 3 cos u A sin u xF 3 F1FθFN FS F1ZF1XF3XF3Z(21) FN = F1Z + F3Z(20) FS + F3X = F1X ;...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 4 pdf

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 4 pdf

... experimental turbulent flows (Figs 4. 12 and 4. 13). 4. 4 Laminar flowLaminar flow is rare in the atmosphere and hydrosphere,but the unseen laminar flow of mantle and lower crustturns over a far greater ... coaxial tubes (Fig. 4. 14) . In all cases the Reynoldsnumber is small and thus viscous forces predominate overinertia forces and prevent 3D particle mixing. In a steadylaminar flow any instantaneous ... Interface-spreadingundercutting current jetAmbient liquid NA NA Degassing bubbles in Sinking plume Neutral Rising plumemagma or lava Bottom-spreading stability Spreading jet and undercutting wall jet 4. 2 Fluid...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 5 pptx

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 5 pptx

... knowledge, dealing with fracture or rockmechanics is very important in many applied fields, as in civil engineering, mining, and hazard controls (rock and soil stability in slopes, both natural and constructed). ... situation in Nature.A further intriguing complication is demonstrated by avibrated granular mass in a container of equal-sized grainscontaining one larger grain. The vibrations induce inter-granular ... flow. The trick in understand-ing the dynamics of such flows therefore involvesunderstanding the means by which sediment suspension isreached and then maintained during downslope flow and deposition....
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 6 pot

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 6 pot

... all hinge points and the in ection linejoining all the in ection points (b) and (c). Cylindrical folds, as in (a) and (b), have a fold axis which is any line parallel to the hinge line ofconstant ... layers.Inflexion lineHinge lineHinge lineAxial surfaceAxial surfaces(a)(b)(c)Fig. 4.1 16 Geometric elements of a fold in a folded surface in 3D. (a) The hinge line is defined joining all hinge ... plateboundary and a magmatic arc in both intra-oceanic and continental active margins. Thrust faulting results in crustal shortening and thickening (Fig. 4.100c, d). Thrust and fold belts are limited in...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 7 pps

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 7 pps

... ions and also join to aluminum ions in linked rings. The linked groups are said to be in a state ofpolymerization and are a feature of silicate melts. It is thecontinuous, polymer-like, linkage ... bonds and has a key role in lowering rock meltingpoints (and thus a major role in determining the rheologyof the lithosphere). The logical extreme of these trends ispure Si–O melt with a continuously ... shearmixing in Kelvin–Helmholz vortices (Section 4.9) and byupward linear expansion. Plume buoyancy is due to thermalenergy exchange between entrained hot particulates, exsolv-ing and expanding...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 8 doc

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 8 doc

... 11 388 146 12SA 41 20 13 305 87 5PAC* 1 08 0 80 499 152 124ANT 59 15 17 356 2 08 0IND * 60 15 61 420 124 91AF 79 31 6 4 18 230 10EUR 69 51 7 421 90 0NAZ* 15 0 76 187 76 53COC* 3 0 86 88 40 ... turbulent mixing and therefore cooling due tomomentum and heat transport in the dynamic models. In addition to their obvious role in increasing windshear and forward momentum transport in associatedwaves, ... processes and systems 231Major active offshore and onshore faults+Uplifting late-Quat Holocene coastlineSubsiding late-Quat Holocene coastline-LoutrakiSkinos 38 12' 38 08& apos; 38 04' 38 00’...
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Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 9 ppt

Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 9 ppt

... Ocean–land interface: coastsCoasts are dynamic interfaces between land and sea whereenergy is continuously being transferred by the action oftraveling waves, including the tide. This incoming ... “core”layer, and a basal boundary layer dominated byupwelling, downwelling, or intruding ocean currents(Fig. 6.34). Winter wind systems assume an overridingdominance on most shelves, causing net ... surface, and subsurface massOuter Earth processes and systems 2 79 RainfallPeakRecessionlimbBase flow separationRisinglimbBasin lag is time between onset rainfall and peakDischarge or intensityTimeStormrunoffBase...
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.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 2 ppsx

.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 2 ppsx

... press.Dobrzhinetskaya L.F. and Wirth R., 20 09, Integrated geo- sciences: from atomic scale to mountain buildings, in Cloet-ingh S. and Negendank J. (Eds), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences, ... Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences, International Year of Planet Earth, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481 -27 37-5 _2, â Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 20 10 44 M. Tesauro et al.Fig. 3 Crystalline ... (http://www.icdp-online.org).Perspectives on Integrated Solid Earth Sciences The papers in this IYPE volume provide a reviewof recent developments in aspects of integrated solid Earth sciences that...
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.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 7 docx

.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 7 docx

... “non-volcanic2 87 S. Cloetingh, J. Negendank (eds.), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences, International Year of Planet Earth, DOI 10.10 07/ 978 -90-481- 273 7-5_8, â Springer Science+Business Media ... summary for the July 16, 20 07 earthquake in Japan. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/20 07/ us2007ewac/Vinnik L.P., 1989. The origin of strong intraplate earth- quakes, translated ... optic strainmeter installed behind casing in themain hole (Ellsworth et al., 2007b). By using retriev-able systems deployed with instrumentation that takesmaximum advantage of advances in sensor...
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.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 8 pps

.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 8 pps

... from the Ashikule Basin (AKB) in northwest-ern Tibet, in order to gain insight into the origin of themagmas produced in this continental collision setting.The basin contains several silicic ... K. Chao (20 08) , Non-volcanic tremor beneaththe Central Range in Taiwan triggered by the 2001MW7 .8 Kunlun earthquake, Geophys. J. Int., 175, 82 5 82 9,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.20 08. 0 388 6.x.Peng, ... 20 08; Rubinstein etal., 2009). Rubinstein et al. (2007) also argue that thismodel can explain the observations of tremor beingmodulated by dilatation (Miyazawa and Mori, 2006), in that increased...
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.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 9 ppsx

.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 9 ppsx

... importance in geodesy, since Earth rotation, polar motion and crustal3 49 S. Cloetingh, J. Negendank (eds.), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences, International Year of Planet Earth, ... the deep Earth and its373S. Cloetingh, J. Negendank (eds.), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences, International Year of Planet Earth, DOI 10.1007 /97 8 -90 -481-2737-5_11, â Springer Science+Business ... JM ( 199 4). Eruption of alkali basaltsduring crustal shortening in southern California. Tectonics13: 493498 .Godoy E, Yáñez G, Vera E ( 199 9). Inversion of an Oligocenevolcano-tectonic basin and...
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.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 10 pps

.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 10 pps

... Solid Earth Sciences, International Year of Planet Earth, DOI 10. 1007/978-90-481-2737-5_12, â Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2 010 New Views of the Earth s Inner Core from Computational Mineral ... elements in the inner coreis significantly lower (maximum 3 wt%) than in theouter core (up to 10 wt%). Our present understand-ing is that the Earth s solid inner core is crystallisingfrom ... of inertia, the onlydirect observations that we have of the propertiesof the Earth s deep interior are from seismology.397S. Cloetingh, J. Negendank (eds.), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid...
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Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water, Soil, and Solid Wastes Phần 7 pdf

Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water, Soil, and Solid Wastes Phần 7 pdf

... identication: 77 , 123, and 65.ã Suggested surrogate/IS: aniline d 5 , 4-uoroaniline, and 1-uoronaphthalene.ã Samples collected in glass containers, refrigerated, extracted within 7 daysof ... XAD-2.ã Monomethylamine interferes in the test; interference is removed by passingair through an impinger containing 0.5% CuCl 2 solution before drawingthe air through the solid adsorbent.ãA ... Chloroformates and acidic substances (at high concentrations) may interfere in the test.ã Detection limit: in the range 0.1 ppb.Air drawn through an impinger containing 4,4 ′ -nitrobenzyl pyridine in...
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