Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 5 pptx

... knowledge, dealing with fracture or rock mechanics is very important in many applied fields, as in civil engineering, mining, and hazard controls (rock and soil stability in slopes, both natural and constructed). ... situation in Nature. A further intriguing complication is demonstrated by a vibrated granular mass in a container of equal-sized grains containing one larger grain...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... important physical principles; 4 gives specially drawn and collated figures containing most physical explanation by graphs, formulae, and physical law. In our general introduction, “Planet Earth and Earth ... Environmental Sciences LEED-Ch-FM.qxd 11/27/ 05 4 :56 Page i Mike Leeder Marta Pérez-Arlucea Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Bl...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... 2/5mr 2 . Making use of this expres- sion we can easily calculate the approximate rotational inertia and angular momentum of Earth (ignoring its internal density layering) or of a spinning sand ... ϭ 5ms Ϫ1 for times t1Ϫt5. (b) Vectors for uniform west to east motion at velocity u ϭ 5ms Ϫ1 for positions x1Ϫx5. Speed, u Time, t t1 t5t4t3t2 Steady motion t1 t5 t4 t3 t2 Object 1 5 5 5 5...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... for damping being inversely proportional to viscosity. As Einstein later explained in a relation between viscosity and diffusion, the damping is due to molecular collisions between fluid and the ... looking for (Fig. 3.62). After simplifying (Equations 5 7; Fig. 3.62), the results are ␴ x ϭ ␴ ox cos 65 , and ␴ z ϭ ␴ oz sin 65 . From the sketches of Figs 3.61 and 3.62, and the res...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... same confining pressure (5 kbars). 2.0 1 .5 1.0 0 .5 0 Differential stress (×10 3 MPa) Strain, e (%) 0 5 10 15 25 C 300°C 50 0°C 800°C 700°C LEED-Ch-03.qxd 11/27/ 05 4:30 Page 99 pressure in the rocks, ... certain 96 Chapter 3 Fig. 3.97 Strain of different materials with time (stages T1 to T5) applying increasing levels of stress: (a) Elastic solids show discrete strain increments w...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... all hinge points and the in ection line joining all the in ection points (b) and (c). Cylindrical folds, as in (a) and (b), have a fold axis which is any line parallel to the hinge line of constant ... folds (the hinge line is always horizontal) and finally, folds having inclined axial surfaces are called steeply, moderately, or gently inclined folds depending on the inclination. I...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... due to cool- ing and crystallization 1100 1300 150 0 Temperature ( º C) 3.3 2.9 2.1 1 .5 0.8 5. 3 8.2 2 .5 3.1 3 .5 5.6 17.0 Pressure (kbar) 51 0 152 0 253 0 Liquidus Fig. 5. 13 Variation of andesite melt ... containing walls and the presence of a free surface (Figs 4. 154 and 4. 155 ). The polygonal convective cells may form under the in uence of variations in surface tension...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... 12 SA 41 20 13 3 05 87 5 PAC* 108 0 80 499 152 124 ANT 59 15 17 356 208 0 IND * 60 15 61 420 124 91 AF 79 31 6 418 230 10 EUR 69 51 7 421 90 0 NAZ* 15 0 76 187 76 53 COC* 3 0 86 88 40 25 CAR 4 0 24 ... turbulent mixing and therefore cooling due to momentum and heat transport in the dynamic models. In addition to their obvious role in increasing wind shear and forward mo...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... 1993. As in flooding rivers, surging reflects an Outer Earth processes and systems 291 2 750 2700 2 650 50 0 600 700 800 900 9 .5 9.0 8. 75 8. 75 8.0 7.0 6.0 5. 0 8.0 7.0 2.0 VPA 9.0 9 .5 Elevation (m) Distance ... buoyant plume (hyperpycnal) r a r e r e r a Underflow Mixing Mixing Fig. 6 .55 Other kinds of coastal jets and plumes. LEED-Ch-06.qxd 11/27/ 05 2: 35 Page 277 6.7....

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... units 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 11 12 13 14 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 50 00 0 - 25 -50 Depth (Km) 55 0 crust mantle oceanic domain continental domain COT Fig. 29 Present bathymetry and structural setting ... 2 4 .50 E-01 4.00E-01 3 .50 E-01 3.00E-01 2 .50 E-01 2.00E-01 1 .50 E-01 1.00E-01 5. 00E-02 0.00E+00 AB 300 250 200 150 50 -200 - 150 -100 -50 50 100 150 200 250 3...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20