Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental Sciences Phần 2 ppt

... as Fig. 2. 21 Continuity of volume: constant density case in 1D. a = area a 2 > a 1 r = constant u 1 u 2 a 1 a 2 Q 1 Q 2 Q 1 = Q 2 = a 1 u 1 = a 2 u 2 u 1 > u 2 Fig. 2. 22 Continuity ... variable density case in 1D. a = area a 2 > a 1 u 1 u 2 a 1 a 2 r 1 r 2 m 2 m 1 r = variable m 1 = m 2 = a 1 r 1 u 1 = a 2 r 2 u 2 LEED-Ch- 02. qxd 11 /2...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... knowledge, dealing with fracture or rock mechanics is very important in many applied fields, as in civil engineering, mining, and hazard controls (rock and soil stability in slopes, both natural and constructed). ... as in a feather or fan fashion, parting from a single point and ending in a narrow band or fringe at both sides. The fringe is formed by an array of discrete en...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... 500 2, 000 > ;2, 000 Fig. 6. 32 The Atlantic nepheloid layer. LEED-Ch-06.qxd 11 /28 /05 10 :29 Page 26 2 Outer Earth processes and systems 28 5 Trunk channel Tributar y Kelvin–Helmholtz mixing vortices develop ... Ocean–land interface: coasts Coasts are dynamic interfaces between land and sea where energy is continuously being transferred by the action of traveling waves, incl...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... 195 4 .20 Heat transport by convection, 197 Further reading, 20 2 Chapter 5 Inner Earth processes and systems, 20 3 5.1 Melting, magmas, and volcanoes, 20 3 5 .2 Plate tectonics, 22 3 Further reading, 23 6 Chapter ... Outer Earth processes and systems, 23 7 6.1 Atmosphere, 23 7 6 .2 Atmosphere–ocean interface, 24 8 6.3 Atmosphere–land interface, 25 4 6.4 Deep ocean,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... sin u = s z A ; s z = sin u s 3 cos u = s x / s 1 sin u = s z / s 3 sin 2 u + cos 2 u = 1.0 (18) since: s 1 2 s 3 2 s 3 2 s x 2 + s z 2 + s y 2 = 1 s 1 2 s 3 2 s x 2 ... identities: Considering the trigonometric identity: 2 cos 2 u = 1 + cos 2u 2 sin 2 u = 1– cos 2u and sin u cos u = sin 2u 2 LEED-Ch-03.qxd 11 /27 /05 4 :24 Page 79 s...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... lЈ 1 2 lЈ 3 – lЈ 1 sin 2 u 2 2f 2f lЈ 3 – lЈ 1 cos 2 f 2 l 3 l 1 g =tan c f (b) (d) (c)(a) + c RЈ Equation 5 relates the ratio between the angular strain g and the linear strain l, ... Interface-spreading undercutting current jet Ambient liquid NA NA Degassing bubbles in Sinking plume Neutral Rising plume magma or lava Bottom-spreading stability Spreading jet and u...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... all hinge points and the in ection line joining all the in ection points (b) and (c). Cylindrical folds, as in (a) and (b), have a fold axis which is any line parallel to the hinge line of constant ... folds (the hinge line is always horizontal) and finally, folds having inclined axial surfaces are called steeply, moderately, or gently inclined folds depending on the inclination. I...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... ions and also join to aluminum ions in linked rings. The linked groups are said to be in a state of polymerization and are a feature of silicate melts. It is the continuous, polymer-like, linkage ... 20 9 polymerization and thus cause a reduction in viscosity and melting temperature. Also, water has a corrosive effect on Si–O bonds and has a key role in lowering rock meltin...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... and G. Schubert (Cambridge, 20 02) . Probably the best intermediate level text is C.M.R Fowler’s The Solid Earth (Cambridge, 20 05). LEED-Ch-05.qxd 11 /27 /05 2: 22 Page 23 6 Inner Earth processes and ... Earth is nearest the Sun, by about 4.6и10 6 km, on 2 3 January and furthest Outer Earth processes and systems 24 7 Vernal equinox March 20 Autumnal equinox Sept....

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... true ); One thing to keep in mind when adding constraints to a DataTable is that it knows only about the rows you store in it; it doesn't know about any other rows stored in the actual ... the following scenario that involves primary keys: 1. You add a primary key constraint to a DataTable. 2. You retrieve a subset of the rows from a database table and store them in your...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17