C++ Programming for Games Module I phần 5 potx

... default value for pointers, if you wish to postpone initialization, is null. The null value in C++ is simply zero. Rewriting the preceding pointer declarations with initialization to null yie ool* ... actually valid or not. By nullifying the pointer after its deletion, we explicitly state that it is now an invalid (null) pointer, and there is no ambiguity about its validity. Rul...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... window with the following line: 20 Introduction C++ is a powerful language that unifies high-level programming paradigms, such as object oriented programming, with low-level efficiencies, ... special effects, realistic physics, and complex artificial intelligence. Chapter Objectives • Create, compile, link and execute C++ programs. • Find out how C++ code is transformed int...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... will say two integers divide evenly if and only if the division results in an integer; ., no ple, ev by seven. ( i. e t a fraction.) Consider the exam 1 35 . In this case, the remainder is five; ... arithmetic operation defined for std::string is the addition operator. The following program illustrates the arithmetic operations: to t <<, k is incremented first, before being di...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... implementation files contain the class implementation (i. e., method definitions). Eventually, the source code file is compiled to either an object file (.obj) or a library file (.lib). Once that is ... except that it is public by default, whereas a class is private by default. 4. One of the goals of C++ is to separate class definitions from implementation. The motivation behind this...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... not explicitly required. That is, is next statement is equivalent: In actuality, all the preceding array initialization syntaxes are only practical for small arrays. Manually initializing an ... BOUNDS INDEX !! In a syntax three columns. { }; d nm × in fMatrix [1][2] fMatrix [12][10 ddition to performing individual element initializations, you can initializ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... would write: i m = rand(); l = num % 25; n in is is more compactly writtenTh int num = rand() % 25; It is not difficult to see how t div n, the divisor could divide into the div not ... In order to perform its task, a function me information and/or returns some information. The concept is somewhat similar to e trigonometric function typically inputs so mathematical functions...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... Header files include the class definition, and implementation files entation (i. e., method definitions). Eventually, the source code file is compiled compiled class implementation, which To invoke ... Element 2) Resize Array 3) Quit 2 Size = 4 {-842 150 451 -842 150 451 -842 150 451 -842 150 451 } 1) Set Element 2) Resize Array 3) Quit 1 Index = 3 [3] = 4 {-842 150 451 -842 150 451 -...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... case, the this pointer is used explicitly, and in the former case it is used implicitly. 6 .5 Friends 6 .5. 1 Friend Functions Sometimes we will have a non-member function that is closely related ... format: A pointer to a null-terminating c-string, which contains a string with some special formatting symbols within. These formatting symbols will be replaced with the arguments specifi...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... than point coordinates; specifically, vector coordinates indicate the end point to which a directed line segment (originating from the origin) connects. Conversely, point coordinates specify a ... an addition; that is, ( ) vuvu r r r r − + = − , where negating a vector flips its direction. Scalar Multiplication: A vector can be multiplied by a scalar, which modifies the magnitude .....

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... initialization list: ClassName::ClassName(parameter-list…) : // Member initialization list { } When an object is instantiated, the memory of its members is first constructed (or initialized) ... public inheritance as modeling an is a relationship, but it seems that if we must explicitly specify public inheritance then there must be another type of inheritance. Indeed there is, and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45