... programminglanguageconstructors and, 382–383global data or functions and, 380interface and, 383–384memory allocation and, 380multiple inheriting and, 383overview of, 379–380pointer variables and, 381template ... 251destructor and, 271–272HAS_A relationship and, 259–261hierarchy, restarting,296–299importance of, 253–254interface and, 316–319invalid cast and, 262–263is operator and, 263–264IS_A property and, ... collections and, 336, 337value-type variable and, 149, 330–331braces ({})class name and, 102–103using for clarity, 72brackets ([])array and, 112as index operator, CD76break commandlooping...