Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 4 doc

... even an icon. A pair of words which might be thought of as genuine weak forms in SSB. are ‘Sir’ and ‘Saint’, which are, unpredictably, [sv] and 44 Processes in Conversational English *<yfl SSB. ... circumstances. Number of outputs of any particular type is of no interest whatso- ever. Pierrehumbert (19 94) counterargues, however, that variation is intrinsic to the nature of l...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... artefact of the inter- ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word, but later still. The m...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... studies Electropalatography (EPG) offers a unique opportunity to look at casual speech processes because it allows us to measure the degree of contact between the tongue dorsum and the roof of the mouth. 84 Experimental ... characteristic of spontaneous speech. Docherty and Fraser (1993: 17), based on a study of read speech containing a high percentage of alveolar and palato-alveo...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... goal of looking at what is known about the processes discussed in chapter 2. 4. 1 Production of Casual Speech 4. 1.1 General production studies Impressionistic Some studies of the production of unmonitored ... several dif- ferent accents of British English and is in the process of developing a composite phonological theory. Lodge (19 84) assumes ‘that Eng- lish is subject to a...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... C. F. 3 4, 94 sound, and meaning, united in the mental lexicon 91–3 type of, and place of occurrence 12 sound changes, directionality of 115 prediction of 115–16 sounds, and meaning 1, 4, 68–71 Spanish ... reduction 18 t-glottalling 39, 66, 77 in several accents 64 5 (figure 3.1) t/d (final), alteration of 19, 36 40 Al-Tamimi, Y. 44 , 70 tapping 29–30, 34, 61 OT study of 64...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... University Press, 349 –70. Dilley, L., Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. and Ostendorf, M. (1997) Glottalizaton of word-initial vowels as a function of prosodic structure. Journal of Phonetics, 24, 42 3 44 . Dinnsen, ... (19 94) Distribution of devoiced high vowels in Korean. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, volume 2, 47 9–82. Jusczyk, P. (1997)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... resemble the book at all’, gated in stages of approxi- mately 50 msec. (a total of 33 stimuli), was presented to 16 non- native speakers of English. A reminder of the phonetic transcription follows: [ÎvcskflHmply}d} d Úfl}z*mb<ÎvcbäkvtcÑÕ] All ... to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz]. The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the ‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main difference being that it is not actually unheard of ... consonants is unusual. Dalby (19 84) stresses the importance of this distinction in English casual speech processes. In English, the type of cluster allowed is, of course, different...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... characteristics of spoken English seem to fall into this intermediate category. For example, in vowel + nasal sequences, it 14 Processes in Conversational English 2 Processes in Conversational English The ... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (1982) runs to three volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately 20 Processes in Conversational E...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... 1 24 5.3.1 Speech synthesis 125 5.3.2 Speech recognition 125 5 .4 Summary 126 Bibliography 127 Index 142 Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken English Setting ... 34 2 .4. 4 Syllable-final adjustments 36 2 .4. 5 Syllable shape again 42 2.5 Other Processes 42 2.5.1 Î-reduction 43 2.5.2 h-dropping 44 2.5.3 ‘Palataliza...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22