Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 5 docx

... about the level of casualness in language spoken by others, suggesting that there are different levels of awareness of these processes. I found that using spectrograms as corroboration of one’s pho- netic ... several dif- ferent accents of British English and is in the process of developing a composite phonological theory. Lodge (1984) assumes ‘that Eng- lish is subject to a n...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... 114–16 natural phonology 52 –3 naturalness 1 15, 1 25 Nespor, M. 58 New Zealand English 20, 35, 38 Wellington Corpus of Spoken 85 154 Index Stampe, D. 8, 48, 52 –3, 54 –6, 61, 69, 1 15 standard, percolation ... 33 Sotillo, C. F. 3–4, 94 sound, and meaning, united in the mental lexicon 91–3 type of, and place of occurrence 12 sound changes, directionality of 1 15 predic...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... gestures in English /P,T,K/. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences V, 50 –3. Cruttenden, A. (2001) Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. Arnold. Cutler, A. (19 95) Spoken ... model of continuous speech recognition. Cognition, 52 , 189–234. Ogden, R. (1999) A declarative account of strong and weak auxiliaries in English. Phonology. 16, 55 –92. Ohal...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... resemble the book at all’, gated in stages of approxi- mately 50 msec. (a total of 33 stimuli), was presented to 16 non- native speakers of English. A reminder of the phonetic transcription follows: [ÎvcskflHmply}d} d Úfl}z*mb<ÎvcbäkvtcÑÕ] All ... pronunciations and in terms of being elevated in style, they normally are more representative of citation form than of unselfconsc...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... artefact of the inter- ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word, but later still. The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... suggests that a → b, we often find, phonetically, cases of a, b, and a rainbow of intermediate stages, some of which cannot be detected by ear. They suggest that accents of the same language can ... importance of non-binary output to phonological theory (Nolan, 1992, Holst and Nolan, 1995a, 1995b) and on modelling assimilation (Nolan and Holst, 1996) have also come out of this work...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... Cov. ‘well, there’s’ 2 .5. 2 h-dropping This is a process which varies considerably from accent to accent of English Most of the accents represented here show reduction of /h/ when it is in a short, ... of language, like acquisition of other skills, is a process of suppressing some of the behaviour which is present in all normal humans. For example, young babies can and do mak...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... mentioned briefly in chapter 5, vowel nasalization before a nasal consonant and loss of the habit of making the closure for the Processes in Conversational English 35 the word of as [vv] or even [wv], ... consonant: ‘lots of apples’, [l∞tsvvcæp;z] but ‘lots of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz]. The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the ‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (1982) runs to three volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately 20 Processes in Conversational English be called English, ... Re- calling the sound of Indian, Caribbean, Singaporean and African English, it is easy to convince oneself that while many people from these areas are native speakers of English, t...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... Phonology 52 3.3 Variable Rules 53 3.4 More on Rule Order 54 3 .5 Attempts in the 1990s 56 3 .5. 1 Autosegmental 56 3 .5. 2 Metrical 58 3 .5. 3 Articulatory 58 3 .5. 4 Underspecification 59 3 .5. 5 Firthian ... 126 Bibliography 127 Index 142 Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken English Setting the Stage 3 nati...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22