THE ENGLISH TEST No1 - Code:124 ppsx

... pollution. Teenagers drive their parents crazy (28) _________ many ways. Some of them spray their hair with amazing colour, while others wear clothes that shock their parents. They all want (29) _________ ... pollution. Teenagers drive their parents crazy (31) _________ many ways. Some of them spray their hair with amazing colour, while others wear clothes that shock their parents. They a...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 15:20

... (i. e. the orienta- tion time from which the first T-relations in the subdomain start) is the newly introduced situation time. 21 It is important to see that the tenses used to ex- press T-relations ... overall past domain: both past do- mains and past subdomains use the past perfect for T-anteriority, the condi- tional tense for T-posteriority and the past tense for T-simulta...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... since last week, the pre-present zone is taken to be the Adv-time (i. e. the interval indicated by the time-specifying adverbial). If there is no time-specifying adverbial, the pre- present is interpreted ... than the ‘predicated’) situation, referring to them as ‘W(orld)-interpretations’ Ϫ the ‘indefinite’, the ‘continuative’ and the ‘up- to-now’ interpretations. On the i...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... unmarked up-to-now reading: the speaker is not concerned with a possible direct present result but with the nature of his action filling the pre-pres- ent) (b) I have redecorated the drawing-room. ... The absolute use of the present perfect tation-four-times been in progress throughout a period leading up to now?’ but answers the question ‘How many times has a situation of your-...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... 338 7.4 Modal implication: not-yet-factual-at-t 0 340 7.5 The distribution of shall and will in the future tense 340 7.6 The various meanings of shall and will 341 7.7 The progressive future tense ... of getting the scar is ‘given’, and the present perfect cannot be substi- tuted for the past tense. 6.6.2 In most wh-questions, the speaker has the choice, in principle, betwee...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... to the post-present is modalized because it refers to something that is ‘not-yet-factual’ at t 0 . A situation whose actualization is located in the post-present is ‘ not-yet-fac- tual-at- t 0 ’: ... refers to the post-present in the sense that it locates a situation time (ϭ the time of a ‘predicated’ situation Ϫ see 2.12Ϫ13) in the post-present zone of the present time-sphere....

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... express the idea that the agent has the present intention of doing something in the post- present. The agent is as a rule the referent of the subject NP in active sentences and the referent of the ... time’), there is also a special use of the progressive form of the future tense, which combines the following characteristics: (a) There is no implication of pro- gressiv...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... the four possible ‘pseudo-absolute zones’ (e. g. the ‘pseudo-past zone’, the ‘pseudo-pre-present zone’, etc.). The pseudo-absolute tenses are the same as are used to express T-anteriority, T-simultaneity ... is T-simultaneous with, or T-posterior to, the central orientation time or another pseudo-t 0 . This is clear from the use of the itali- cized and underlined forms in the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... estab- lished by the head clause.) The result of the conventionalization in English is that open conditionals using the Pseudo-t 0 -System primarily express the logical ‘if p, then q’ relation- ship. ... determining the choice between the two systems 561 referring to the post-present use the present tense as Pseudo-t 0 -System form in the subclause, even if the subclau...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... of the not-yet-factual before-clause. Thus, out of context, the not-yet-factual before-clause of the first example below is interpre- ted as counterfactual, whereas that of the second is not: The ... Adverbial before -clauses 709 that’). In the second example, the Pseudo-t 0 -System form moves clearly relates the situation time of the that-clause to the time, not to the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20