Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 10) ppsx
Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 2) ppsx
... Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections
(Part 2)
In the United States, the attack rate for sporadic meningococcal disease is
~1 case per 100,000 ...
pathogenesis.
Figure 136-1
Meningococcal disease pathogenesis, susceptibility, and severity.
After
human-to-human transmission, environmental factors (smoking, co-
infections) ,
polymorphisms ... adults (<1
case...
Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 7) ppsx
... immunity (decreased transmission and colonization).
Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections
(Part 7)
Complications
Patients with meningococcal meningitis may develop cranial nerve palsies, ... clinical clues help the physician distinguish the patient with early
meningococcal disease from patients with other acute systemic infections. The
most useful clinical finding is...
Chapter 137. Gonococcal Infections (Part 2) ppsx
... as well as CD8+ T lymphocytes is seen in individuals
Chapter 137. Gonococcal Infections
(Part 2)
Opacity-Associated Protein
Another gonococcal surface protein that is important in adherence ... against neisserial
infections is best illustrated by the predisposition of persons deficient in terminal
complement components (C5 through C9) to recurrent bacteremic gonococcal...
Chapter 138. Moraxella Infections (Part 3) ppsx
... of
bacteremia due to
Moraxella catarrhalis
. Clin Infect Dis 21:390, 1995 [PMID: 8562749]
Chapter 138. Moraxella Infections
(Part 3)
Other Moraxella Species
Other Moraxella species are ...
Moraxella lincolnii
.
Note: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.
Source: Adapted from a summary of CDC experience (Graham et al).
Further Readings
Graham DR et al: Infections caused b...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 1) H pot
... capsular polysaccharides.
Epidemiology
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 1)
Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
Pneumococcal Infections: Introduction ... choline residues serve as a site of
attachment for potential virulence factors, such as pneumococcal surface protein A
(PspA) and pneumococcal surface adhesi...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 2) pptx
...
circulation; in the absence of antibody, however, only the slow passage of blood
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 2)
Nonimmunologic Mechanisms
Nonimmunologic mechanisms that protect against ... pneumococcal infection is greatly increased in persons
with conditions that compromise IgG synthesis and/or the phagocytic function of
PMNs and macrophages. Most patien...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 3) potx
... pneumoniae is the most common or second most
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 3)
Specific Infections Caused by S. Pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae causes infections of the middle ear, sinuses, ... individual case.
Infections listed after meningitis in Table 128-2 are uncommon or rare.
Table 128-2 Most Common Infections Caused by
Streptococcus
Pneumoniae in Adult...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 4) pot
... 12,000/µL in the great
majority of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. A low WBC count
(<6000/µL) is found in 5–10% of persons hospitalized for pneumococcal
pneumonia and is strongly associated ... syncytial virus
Microaerophilic and anaerobic mouth
A retrocardiac infiltrate in a patient with pneumococcal pneumonia.
Right-lower-lobe consolidation is apparent in posterior...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 5) pot
...
yield S. pneumoniae in ~25% of patients hospitalized for pneumococcal
pneumonia.
Figure 128-2
Gram-stained sputum from a patient with pneumococcal pneumonia
shows polymorphonuclear cells ... the most common complication of pneumococcal pneumonia,
occurring in ~2% of cases. Some fluid appears in the pleural space in a substantial
The appearance of pneumococcal infection at...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 6) pdf
... resistance is
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 6)
Pneumococcal Infections: Treatment
Antibiotic Susceptibility
β-Lactam antibiotics, the cornerstone of therapy for serious pneumococcal ... >90% of pneumococcal isolates in the United
States are susceptible to clindamycin. Rates of doxycycline resistance are similar
to those observed for macrolides. One-t...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 7) doc
... complicated infections. A recent study reported identical rates of clinical and
bacteriologic cure with a 10-day course of amoxicillin and a single dose of
azithromycin (30 mg/kg).
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal ... amoxicillin and a single dose of
azithromycin (30 mg/kg).
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 7)
Antibiotic Regimens
Otitis Media
(Table 128-4)...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 8) pot
... higher in others; high-dose
amoxicillin remains the best option worldwide.
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 8)
Acute Sinusitis
Just as the pathogenesis and microbial etiology of ... sputum sample or as a replacement for broader spectrum empirical
therapy after a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia is proven by culture. When
a valid sputum specimen cannot be...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 9) potx
... antagonistic with β-lactams against pneumococci; there is no clear
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 9)
Inpatient Therapy
Pneumococcal pneumonia is readily treatable with β-lactam antibiotics. ...
pneumococcal pneumonia, even in the presence of bacteremia. Cases with a
second focus of infection (e.g., empyema or septic arthritis) require longer
therapy.
Mening...
Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 10) ppsx
... Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections
(Part 10)
Prevention
Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine
The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine administered ... broadened its recommendations for pneumococcal
vaccination to include all persons >2 years of age who are at substantially
increased risk of developing pneumococcal infection and/or having ... of Polyvalent P...
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections (Part 10) pptx
... Antimicrobial Agents
The choice of antimicrobial agents to treat both coagulase-positive
staphylococcal and CoNS infections has become increasingly problematic because
of the prevalence of multidrug-resistant ... Because the selection of antimicrobial agents for the
treatment of S. aureus infections is similar to that for CoNS infections, treatment
options for these pathogens are d...