Chapter 128 Pneumococcal Infections (Part 1) H pot

... capsular polysaccharides. Epidemiology Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal Infections: Introduction ... choline residues serve as a site of attachment for potential virulence factors, such as pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumococcal surface adhesin...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... nontypable Haemophilus influenzae) from cultures of the infected site. Pneumonia The distinctive symptoms and signs of pneumonia, whether due to the pneumococcus or to other bacteria, are (1) cough ... been under extreme physical and/or psychological stress and/or have had an antecedent viral-type illness that may have reduced their normal host resistance. Infections with respiratory...

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... not limited to) the following: H. influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis in persons with little to predispose them other than chronic or acute inflammation of the airways; Staphylococcus aureus, ... persons who have acute-onset inflammatory pulmonary conditions of uncertain etiology or those with pulmonary embolus and infarction. The breadth of this list vividly illustrates the deficiency...

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... often in persons who have connective tissue diseases or HIV infection. The appearance of any of these unusual pneumococcal infections may suggest that tests for HIV infection should be undertaken. ... the organisms. When obtained from a patient with pneumonia, a sample like this one is highly specific in identifying the pneumococcus as the etiologic agent. Complications Empyema is...

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... others; high-dose amoxicillin remains the best option worldwide. Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 8) Acute Sinusitis Just as the pathogenesis and microbial etiology of acute rhinosinusitis ... isolates has been amply documented in patients treated empirically with azithromycin. As noted above, rates of resistance to all these antibiotics are lower in some countri...

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... pneumococci; there is no clear Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 9) Inpatient Therapy Pneumococcal pneumonia is readily treatable with β-lactam antibiotics. The conventional dosages shown ... against pneumococci; this drug or a quinolone should be used together with a third-generation cephalosporin for initial therapy in a patient who is likely to be infected with...

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... The liver can remove opsonized (antibody-coated) pneumococci from the circulation; in the absence of antibody, however, only the slow passage of blood Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part ... PMNs and macrophages. Most patients hospitalized for pneumococcal pneumonia have one or more of these conditions (Table 128- 1). Once a pneumococcal infection has been initiate...

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... generally <2–3% in the United States but is higher elsewhere and may be much higher in closed environments where these drugs are heavily prescribed, such as nursing homes and assisted- living ... incubated overnight at 37°C. The organism on the left is inhibited by a penicillin concentration of 0.016 µg/mL and is fully susceptible to this drug. The organism on the right is inhibited on...

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... cure with a 10-day course of amoxicillin and a single dose of azithromycin (30 mg/kg). Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 7) Antibiotic Regimens Otitis Media (Table 128- 4) Current ... are high. If otitis media is clearly diagnosed, high-dose amoxicillin is recommended (Table 128- 4). If this regimen fails, highly penicillin-resistant pneumococci or β- lactamase...

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... life- threatening infections. Others who might fall within these recommendations are persons who (1) are over the age of 65; (2) have a CSF leak, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, cirrhosis, chronic renal ... Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 10) Prevention Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine administered to adults sinc...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20