Chapter 127 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 7) pot
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 7) pot
... cefotaxime, rifampin, and clarithromycin, have bioactive metabolites that may contribute to their overall efficacy. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 7) Distribution ... elimination), by renal excretion of the unchanged or metabolized form, or by a combination of the two processes. For most of the antibacterial drugs, metabolism leads to loss of in vitro activity, although ... information on the mode of excretion of an antibacterial agent is in adjusting dosage when elimination capability is impaired (Table 127- 3). Direct, nonidiosyncratic toxicity from antibacterial drugs...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 2) potx
... because of a marginally broader spectrum. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 2) Inhibition of Cell-Wall Synthesis One major difference between bacterial and ... any stage of the synthesis, export, assembly, or cross-linking of peptidoglycan lead to inhibition of bacterial cell growth and, in most cases, to cell death. Peptidoglycan is composed of (1) ... in the normal course of cell growth. In the presence of antibacterial agents that inhibit cell-wall growth, autolysis proceeds without normal cell-wall repair; weakness and eventual cellular...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 12) potx
... consequences; 2 = an interaction of uncertain frequency but of potential clinical importance. bLovastatin and simvastatin are most affected; pravastatin and atorvastatin are less prone to ... macrolide antibiotics and quinupristin/dalfopristin inhibit the same human metabolic enzyme, CYP3A4, and similar interactions are anticipated. dCiprofloxacin only. Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin ... Table 127- 8 Interactions of Antibacterial Agents with Other Drugs Antibiotic Interacts with Potential Consequence (Clinical Significancea)...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 13) pot
... practice. Table 127- 9 Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections in Adults Condition Antibacterial Agent Timing or Durationof Prophylaxis Nonsurgical Cardiac lesions susceptible to bacterial Amoxicillina ... nitrofurantoin 3 times per week for up to 1 year or after sexual intercourse Surgical Clean (cardiac, Cefazolin (vancomycin)c Before and Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of ... avoid alcohol. Inhibition of the metabolism of warfarin by metronidazole leads to significant rises in prothrombin times. Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections Antibacterial agents are occasionally...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 14) pot
... 2002. Am J Med 118:259, 2005 [PMID: 15745724] Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 14) Duration of Therapy and Treatment Failure Until recently, there was ... Re -treatment of infections for which therapy has failed usually requires a prolonged course (>4 weeks) with combinations of antibacterial agents. Table 127- 10 Duration of Therapy for Bacterial ... side effects and encourage the selection of resistant bacteria. The art of treating bacterial infections lies in the ability to determine the appropriate duration of therapy for infections that...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 1) ppsx
... Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections: Introduction The development of vaccines and drugs that prevent and cure bacterial ... membrane potential Not defined aCompounds in parentheses are major representatives for the class. Figure 127- 1 Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part ... of Antibacterial Agents Letter for Fig. 127- 1 Antibacterial Agenta Major Cellular Target Mechanism of Action Major Mechanisms of Resistance A β-Lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 3) ppsx
... susceptible to both components. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 3) Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Most of the antibacterial agents that inhibit protein ... all purines, and several amino acids. Inhibition of folate synthesis leads to cessation of bacterial cell growth and, in some cases, to bacterial cell death. The principal antibacterial antimetabolites ... synthetase by competing with bacterial isoleucine for its binding site on the enzyme and depleting cellular stores of isoleucine-charged tRNA. Inhibition of Bacterial Metabolism The antimetabolites...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 4) pdf
... penicillins and cephalosporins. One strategy that has been devised for circumventing resistance mediated by β-lactamases is to combine the β-lactam Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial ... including nalidixic acid and its fluorinated derivatives (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin), are synthetic compounds that inhibit the activity of the A subunit of the bacterial enzyme ... and resistance of Pseudomonas spp. to cephalosporins and piperacillin are the best examples of this mechanism. cell. Specific mechanisms of bacterial resistance to the major antibacterial agents...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 5) pdf
... permeability and cause active drug efflux from the cytoplasm. Mutations that result in active quinolone efflux are also found in gram-positive bacteria. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial ... dihydrofolate reductase for trimethoprim and an altered dihydropteroate synthetase for sulfonamides. Quinolones The most common mechanism of resistance to quinolones is the development of one ... The most prevalent mechanism of resistance to trimethoprim and the sulfonamides in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is the acquisition of plasmid-encoded genes that produce...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 6) doc
... Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 6) Rifampin Bacteria rapidly become resistant to rifampin by developing mutations in the B subunit of RNA polymerase ... virtue of the acquisition of new genes include hospital-associated strains of gram-negative bacteria, enterococci, and staphylococci and community-acquired strains of salmonellae, gonococci, and ... series of unrelated compounds. The construction of multiresistant strains by acquisition of multiple genes occurs by sequential steps of gene transfer and environmental selection in areas of high-level...
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