Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 4) pdf

... epidemics of serogroup W-135 meningococcal disease occurred in association with the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj) and in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. meningococcal strains ... all, 300,000– 500,000 cases of meningococcal disease occur worldwide each year—numbers that frequently are increased by large epidemics. The annual incidence of meningococcal disease i...

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... Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 2) In the United States, the attack rate for sporadic meningococcal disease is ~1 case per 100,000 ... pathogenesis. Figure 136-1 Meningococcal disease pathogenesis, susceptibility, and severity. After human-to-human transmission, environmental factors (smoking, co- infections) , polymorphisms ... adults (<1 case...

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... for this serogroup. Outer-Membrane Proteins Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 3) Outer-Membrane Components Associated with Virulence Meningococcal strains are characterized by the ... properties promote meningococcal transmission, spread, and survival externally and within intracellular compartments such as phagocytic vacuoles. Except in serogroup A, the majo...

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... Meningitis Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 4) Association of Virulence Mechanisms with Specific Meningococcal Infections Specific disease manifestations of meningococcal infections ... potential site of meningococcal entry into the CSF. Meningococcal pili may bind CD46, a complement-regulatory protein that is expressed by the choroid plexus and me...

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... acquiring meningococcal disease in childhood. Alleles that decrease MBL synthesis have been associated with increased risk in the few studies reported to date. Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections ... meningococcal disease. This conclusion is supported by the overrepresentation of ABO blood group nonsecretors among patients with meningococcal disease and by the striking vari...

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... endocarditis. Figure 136-4 Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 6) Clinical Manifestations Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Although many patients who develop meningococcal meningitis ... Chap. 3 76) Common presenting symptoms of patients with meningococcal meningitis include nausea and vomiting, headache, neck stiffness, lethargy, and confusion. The sym...

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... immunity (decreased transmission and colonization). Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 7) Complications Patients with meningococcal meningitis may develop cranial nerve palsies, ... clinical clues help the physician distinguish the patient with early meningococcal disease from patients with other acute systemic infections. The most useful clinical finding is...

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... in family members of patients found to have a complement deficiency. Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 8) Patients with fulminant meningococcemia often experience diffuse leakage ... disease in the population vaccinated. If conjugate meningococcal vaccines prove to be capable of providing durable antibody or memory responses (particularly in infants and young...

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... genes.' BMC Genomics 7:128, 2006 [PMID: 16734888] Chapter 136. Meningococcal Infections (Part 9) Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis The attack rate for meningococcal disease among household or other ... 9472667] Rosenstein NE et al: Meningococcal disease. N Engl J Med 344:1378, 2001 [PMID: 11333996] Westendorp RGJ et al: Genetic influence on cytokine production and...

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... Chapter 137. Gonococcal Infections (Part 4) Gonococcal Infections in Females Gonococcal Cervicitis Mucopurulent cervicitis is the most ... cities since the 1990s. Gonococcal isolates from the rectum of MSM tend to be more resistant to antimicrobial agents than are gonococcal isolates from other sites. Gonococcal isolates with ... plated directly onto gonococca...

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... important in transmission of the infection; and (4) chancroid has been strongly associated with illicit drug use. Chapter 139. Haemophilus Infections (Kỳ 4) Prevention Vaccination (See also ... towns in Brazil and on two occasions in Australia. Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of chancroid (Chap. 1 24), a sexually transmitted disease c...

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... penicillins and cephalosporins. One strategy that has been devised for circumventing resistance mediated by β-lactamases is to combine the β-lactam Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial ... including nalidixic acid and its fluorinated derivatives (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin), are synthetic compounds that inhibit the activity of the A...

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... 12,000/µL in the great majority of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. A low WBC count (<6000/µL) is found in 5–10% of persons hospitalized for pneumococcal pneumonia and is strongly associated ... syncytial virus Microaerophilic and anaerobic mouth A retrocardiac infiltrate in a patient with pneumococcal pneumonia. Right-lower-lobe consolidation is apparent in posterior...

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... resistance is Chapter 128. Pneumococcal Infections (Part 6) Pneumococcal Infections: Treatment Antibiotic Susceptibility β-Lactam antibiotics, the cornerstone of therapy for serious pneumococcal ... >90% of pneumococcal isolates in the United States are susceptible to clindamycin. Rates of doxycycline resistance are similar to those observed for macrolides. One-t...

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... viable bacteria. In staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS), conditions allowing toxin elaboration at colonization Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections (Part 2) S. aureus Infections Epidemiology ... or the bloodstream. In toxin-mediated staphylococcal disease, infection is not invariably present. For example, once toxin has been elaborated into food, staphyloc...

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