Chapter 090 Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 1) ppt
Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 1) ppt
... assume a signet cell histology. Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 90. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas Bladder Cancer ... squamous and transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. Pathology Bladder staging. TNM, tumor, node, metastasis. More than 95% of urothelial tumors in the United States are transitional cell ... constitute 3%, adenocarcinomas 2%, and small cell tumors (with paraneoplastic syndromes) <1%. Adenocarcinomas develop primarily in the urachal remnant in the dome of the bladder or in the...
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Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 6) pptx
... 10% for stage IV. Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 6) Clinical Presentation The presenting signs and symptoms include hematuria, abdominal pain, and a flank or abdominal ... transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, sarcoma, lymphoma, and Wilms' tumor. All of these are less common causes of renal masses than is renal cell cancer. Staging and Prognosis ... are ≥7 cm and confined to the kidney, stage III tumors extend through the renal capsule but are confined to Gerota's fascia (IIIa) or involve a single hilar lymph node (N1), and stage...
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Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 7) pptx
... proportion of cases. Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 7) Renal Cell Carcinoma: Treatment Localized Tumors The standard management for stage I or II tumors and selected cases ... Sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. JAMA 295:2516, 2006 [PMID: 16757724] Nelson EC et al: Renal cell carcinoma: Current status and emerging therapies. Cancer Treat ... fascia and its contents, including the kidney, the ipsilateral adrenal gland, and adjacent hilar lymph nodes. The role of a regional lymphadenectomy is controversial. Extension into the renal...
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Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 2) docx
... papillary lesions are managed by Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 2) Pathogenesis The multicentric nature of the disease and high rate of recurrence has led to the hypothesis ... Selective catheterization and visualization of the upper tracts should be performed if the cytology is positive and no disease is visible in the bladder. Ultrasonography, CT, and/ or MRI may help ... T1, and T2 or greater lesions, tumors with alterations in p53, p21, and/ or RB have a higher probability of recurrence, metastasis, and death from disease. Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and...
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Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 3) docx
... surgery that requires appropriate preoperative evaluation and management. The procedure involves removal of the bladder and pelvic lymph nodes and creation of a conduit or reservoir for urinary flow. ... orthotopic neobladders are drained more naturally. chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients whose tumors were endoscopically removed. Contraindications to a neobladder include renal insufficiency, ... the bladder, a margin of at least 2 cm can be achieved, there is no CIS in other sites, and the bladder capacity is adequate after the tumor has been removed. This occurs in 5–10% of cases. Carcinomas...
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Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 4) potx
... Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter About 2500 cases of renal pelvis and ureter cancer occur each year; nearly all are transitional cell carcinomas similar to bladder cancer in biology and appearance. ... similar to that of metastatic transitional cell cancer of bladder origin. Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 4) Metastatic Disease The primary goal of treatment for metastatic ... locally and to metastasize. Metastatic disease is treated with the chemotherapy used in bladder cancer, and the outcome is similar to that of metastatic transitional cell cancer of bladder...
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Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 5) pdf
... Chapter 090. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas (Part 5) Renal Cell Carcinoma Renal cell carcinomas account for 90–95% of malignant neoplasms ... predisposes to renal cell carcinomas, retinal hemangioma, hemangioblastoma of the spinal cord and cerebellum, and pheochromocytoma. Roughly 35% of individuals with VHL disease develop renal cell cancer. ... first-degree relatives. Pathology and Genetics Renal cell neoplasia represents a heterogeneous group of tumors with distinct histopathologic, genetic, and clinical features ranging from...
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Chapter 075. Evaluation and Management of Obesity (Part 1) ppt
... 55 62 69 76 Chapter 075. Evaluation and Management of Obesity (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 75. Evaluation and Management of Obesity Evaluation and Management ... National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and a number of medical societies. The five main steps in the evaluation of obesity are described below and include (1) focused obesity-related ... Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and is important for physicians to routinely identify, evaluate, and treat patients for obesity and associated...
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Chapter 075. Evaluation and Management of Obesity (Part 3) pptx
... physical examination, and diagnostic tests is used to determine risk and develop a treatment plan (Fig. 75 -1). The decision of how aggressively to treat the patient, and which modalities to ... history; Wt, weight. (From National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: The evidence report. ... determined by the patient's risk status, expectations, and available resources. Therapy for obesity always begins with lifestyle management and may include pharmacotherapy or surgery, depending...
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Chapter 075. Evaluation and Management of Obesity (Part 4) pptx
... eating more fruits and vegetables, consuming more whole-grain cereals, selecting leaner cuts of meat and skimmed dairy products, reducing fried foods and other added fats and oils, and drinking ... physical activity, and behavior modification. Because obesity is fundamentally a disease of energy imbalance, all patients must learn how and when energy is consumed (diet), how and when energy ... are usually prescribed by physicians specializing in obesity care. Chapter 075. Evaluation and Management of Obesity (Part 4) Lifestyle Management Obesity care involves attention to three...
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