Chapter 071 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 13) docx

... Internal Medicine > Chapter 71. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess: Introduction Vitamins and trace minerals are required constituents ... hematologic-related vitamins and minerals (Chaps. 98, 100) are considered only briefly in this chapter, as are the bone-related vitamins Chapter 071....

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... dermatitis, pulmonary cancer ND Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 2) Table 71-2 Deficiencies and Toxicities of Metals Element Deficiency Toxicity Tolerable ... gastrointestinal Element Deficiency Toxicity Tolerable Upper (Dietary) Intake Level mortality Manganese Impaired growth and skeletal development, reproduc...

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... Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 3) Thiamine (Vitamin B 1 ) Thiamine was the first B vitamin to be identified and is therefore also referred to as vitamin ... fish, and shellfish contain thiaminases, which can destroy the vitamin. Thus, drinking large amounts of tea or coffee can theoretically lower thiamine body stores....

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... dementia leading to death. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 4) Thiamine Deficiency: Treatment In acute thiamine deficiency with either cardiovascular or ... mouth and skin (Table 71-1). In addition to the mucocutaneous lesions, corneal vascularization, anemia, and personality changes have been described with riboflavin de...

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... Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 5) Pellagra: Treatment Treatment of pellagra consists ... vitamin B 6 deficiency is generally made on the basis of low plasma PLP values (<20 nmol/L). Treatment of vitamin B 6 deficiency is 50 mg/d; higher doses of 100–200 mg/d are given if vitamin ... amino acid metabolism. Vitamin...

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... infections. Vitamin C supplementation has also been reported to be useful in Chédiak- Higashi syndrome (Chap. 61) and osteogenesis imperfecta (Chap. 357). Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency ... peritoneal cavity, pericardium, and the adrenal glands. In children, vitamin C deficiency may cause impaired bone growth. Laboratory diagnosis of vitamin C...

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... The vitamin is excreted in the urine, and the laboratory diagnosis of deficiency is made on the basis of low urinary vitamin levels. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess ... Acid (Vitamin B 5 ) Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A and phosphopantetheine, which are involved in fatty acid metabolism and the synthesis of cholester...

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... which function as sequestering and transporting agents as well as co-ligands for enzymatic reactions. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 8) Flavonoids Flavonoids ... quercitin) in broccoli, kale, leeks, onion, and the skins of grapes and apples; and isoflavones (e.g., genistein) in legumes. Isoflavones have a low bioavailabilit...

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... available than injectable water-miscible vitamin A. A common approach to prevention is to supplement Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 9) Dietary Sources The retinol ... However, vitamin A deficiency at any stage poses an increased risk of mortality from diarrhea, dysentery, measles, malaria, and respiratory disease. Vitamin...

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... Table 71-1 Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 10) Toxicity Acute toxicity of vitamin A was first noted in Arctic explorers who ate polar bear liver and has ... glutathione) and enzymes maintains vitamin E in a reduced state. Vitamin E also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and the activities of protein kinase C and phosp...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20