... Platinum Group ElementsAJ Appleby, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA& 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.IntroductionElectronic StructureThe platinum group ... which hassix subshell 4d electrons and again one in subshell 5s. Wenow arrive at the first-row platinum metal, element 37,Ru, with seven electrons in subshell 4d, and one insubshell 5s; element ... the 5p subshell provides the basis of theinner electronic structure of the third-row Group VIII platinum metals. After Hf, tantalum, Ta (element 73) addsa further 5d electron to give a total...