The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 10 pdf

... hundreds of kilometers from shore in the Paciﬁc Ocean. The dis-tribution of these insects coincides with mid-oceanicaccumulations of ﬂotsam, where food of terrestrial origin supplements a diet of ... proponents of the pre-ferred exite–endite theory speculate that the progenitor of the pterygotes had aquatic immature stages. Supportfor the latter hypothesis appears to come from the factthat the ... the basal abdominal seg-ments or near the anus (Fig. 10. 1) – sometimes extrus-ible from the anus – or on the mouthparts, neck, orthorax, or lacking altogether. The cerci are usually multi-segmented,...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 7 pdf

... aswings held roof-like over the abdomen, fore wingseither membranous or in the form of tegmina of uni-form texture, and with the rostrum arising ventrallyclose to the anterior of the thorax, ... ormistaken. The fore-wing-derived halteres of strep-sipterans are gyroscopic organs of equilibrium with the same functional role as the halteres of Diptera (although the latter are derived from the ... origin to the rest of the Hexapoda (see Box 7.1). IfCollembola do belong to the Hexapoda, then they formeither the sister group to Protura comprising the cladeEllipura or alone form the sister...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 1 ppt

... numbers of insects is the role of sexual selection in the diversiﬁca-tion of many insects. The propensity of insects tobecome isolated in small populations (because of the ﬁne scale of their ... classiﬁcationand their roles in our economic and wider lives. First,we outline the ﬁeld of entomology and the role of ento-mologists, and then introduce the ecological functions of insects. Next, ... between the distribution of entomologists interested in biodiversityissues (the temperate northern hemisphere) and the centers of richness of the insects themselves (the tropicsand southern hemisphere).Studies...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 2 pot

... defensive and other com-pounds are products of the epidermis, which is a near-continuous, single-celled layer beneath the cuticle.Many of these compounds are secreted to the outside of the insect ... pair of gonostyles (the third valves) derived from the distal part of the appendages of segment 9 (and homo-logous with the styles of the apterygotes mentionedabove). In each half of the ovipositor, ... clothed withadhesive setae that facilitate climbing. The left side of the vignette for this chapter shows the underside of the tarsus of the leaf beetle Rhyparida (Chrysomelidae).Generally the...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 3 potx

... to the function of the ringedhose of a vacuum cleaner). The cuticular linings of the tracheae are shed with the rest of the exoskeleton when the insect molts. Usually even the linings of the ... by the plant. By comparison,a macerate-and-ﬂush strategy is typical of Heteroptera,such as mirids and coreids. These insects disrupt the tis-sues of plants or other insects by thrusting of the ... mixture of hormones, including JH-I, JH-II, JH-III, and JH-0. The occurrence of mixed-JH-producing insects (such as the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta)Box 3.1 Molecular genetic techniques and their...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 4 ppsx

... that of its neigh-bors and together the array of all ommatidia provides the insect with a panoramic image of the world. Thus, the actual image formed by the compound eye is of aseries of apposed ... insensitive to the wing tone of males of their species. Neither can the male detect the wing tone of immature females – the Johnson’s organin his antenna responds only to the wing tone of physio-logically ... The dynamics (the time-varying pattern) of air movementgives information on the nature of the stimulus (andthus on what type of animal is approaching) and is indic-ated by the properties of...

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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 5 pot

... transfer of sperm via the insertion of part of the male’s aedeagus (edeagus), the penis, into the repro-ductive tract of the female. In males of many species the extrusion of the aedeagus during ... oviposition in insects. 5.1 BRINGING THE SEXES TOGETHER Insects often are at their most conspicuous when syn-chronizing the time and place for mating. The ﬂashinglights of ﬁreﬂies, the singing of crickets, ... allow the valvesto slide back and forth on one another. Such move-ment, and sometimes also the presence of serrations on the tip of the ovipositor, is responsible for the pier-cing action of the...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 6 pptx

... further discus-sion of the actions of eclosion hormone). Apolysis at the end of the ﬁfth larval instar marks the beginning of a prepupal period when the developing pupa is pharatewithin the ... affects the eggs of the next generation. The ability of insects to recognize seasonal photo-period and other environmental cues requires somemeans of measuring time between the cue and the subsequent ... supercooling include evacuation of the digestive system to remove the promoters of ice nucle-ation, plus pre-winter synthesis of polyols and anti-freeze agents. In these insects cold hardiness (potentialto...

The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 9 ppt

... complex circulation of air through the passageways of the nest, as illustrated for the above-ground nest of the African Macrotermes natalen-sis in Fig. 12 .10. The origin of the mutualistic relationship ... farming by leaf-cutter ants The subterranean ant nests of the genus Atta (15 spe-cies) and the rather smaller colonies of Acromyrmex(24 species) are amongst the major earthen construc-tions in ... carriedon the leaf fragment.When the material reaches the nest, other individu-als lick any waxy cuticle from the leaves and macerate the plant tissue with their mandibles. The mash is thenTIC09...

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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 11 ppsx

... Interpreting the early evolution of the angiosperms is contentious, partly because of the paucity of fossilized ﬂowers prior to the period of radiation, and also because of the apparent rapidity of the ... nativerange. The host-speciﬁcity of potential control agentsmust be tested, either inside or outside the country of introduction and, in the former case, always in quaran-tine. The results of these ... sensory receptors of the wasp respond onlyto the volatile chemicals of its host ﬁg, and the size andmorphology of the guarding scales of the ﬁg ostioleallow entry only to a ﬁg wasp of the “correct”...

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