The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 9 ppt
The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 9 ppt
... systems.Annual Review of Entomology 35, 2 49 69. TIC 09 5/20/04 4:44 PM Page 237232 Ground-dwelling insects The Archaeognatha and Zygentoma represent the sur-viving remnants of a wider radiation of primitively ... complex circulation of air through the passageways of the nest, as illustrated for the above-ground nest of the African Macrotermes natalen-sis in Fig. 12.10. The origin of the mutualistic relationship ... Wikars 199 7.)TIC 09 5/20/04 4:44 PM Page 223 9. 6 CAVERNICOLOUS INSECTS Caves often are perceived as extensions of the subter-ranean environment, resembling deep soil habitats in the lack of light...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 1 ppt
... numbers of insects is the role of sexual selection in the diversifica-tion of many insects. The propensity of insects tobecome isolated in small populations (because of the fine scale of their ... classificationand their roles in our economic and wider lives. First,we outline the field of entomology and the role of ento-mologists, and then introduce the ecological functions of insects. Next, ... between the distribution of entomologists interested in biodiversityissues (the temperate northern hemisphere) and the centers of richness of the insects themselves (the tropicsand southern hemisphere).Studies...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 6 pptx
... further discus-sion of the actions of eclosion hormone). Apolysis at the end of the fifth larval instar marks the beginning of a prepupal period when the developing pupa is pharatewithin the ... affects the eggs of the next generation. The ability of insects to recognize seasonal photo-period and other environmental cues requires somemeans of measuring time between the cue and the subsequent ... supercooling include evacuation of the digestive system to remove the promoters of ice nucle-ation, plus pre-winter synthesis of polyols and anti-freeze agents. In these insects cold hardiness (potentialto...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 2 pot
... pair of gonostyles (the third valves) derived from the distal part of the appendages of segment 9 (and homo-logous with the styles of the apterygotes mentionedabove). In each half of the ovipositor, ... defensive and other com-pounds are products of the epidermis, which is a near-continuous, single-celled layer beneath the cuticle.Many of these compounds are secreted to the outside of the insect ... Curculionidae, the ventral surface of some tarsomeres is clothed withadhesive setae that facilitate climbing. The left side of the vignette for this chapter shows the underside of the tarsus of the leaf...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 3 potx
... by the plant. By comparison,a macerate-and-flush strategy is typical of Heteroptera,such as mirids and coreids. These insects disrupt the tis-sues of plants or other insects by thrusting of the ... to be the primarymechanism for the movement of gases in the tracheaeand is always the sole mode of gas exchange at the tissues. The efficiency of diffusion is related to the dis-tance of diffusion ... a vacuum cleaner). The cuticular linings of the tracheae are shed with the rest of the exoskeleton when the insect molts. Usually even the linings of the finestbranches of the tracheal system...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 4 ppsx
... that of its neigh-bors and together the array of all ommatidia provides the insect with a panoramic image of the world. Thus, the actual image formed by the compound eye is of aseries of apposed ... insensitive to the wing tone of males of their species. Neither can the male detect the wing tone of immature females – the Johnson’s organin his antenna responds only to the wing tone of physio-logically ... The dynamics (the time-varying pattern) of air movementgives information on the nature of the stimulus (andthus on what type of animal is approaching) and is indic-ated by the properties of...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 5 pot
... selection; Wolbachia.]Ringo, J. ( 199 6) Sexual receptivity in insects. Annual Review of Entomology 41, 473 94 .Shapiro, A.M. & Porter, A.H. ( 198 9) The lock-and-key hypo-thesis: evolutionary and biosystematic ... transfer of sperm via the insertion of part of the male’s aedeagus (edeagus), the penis, into the repro-ductive tract of the female. In males of many species the extrusion of the aedeagus during ... Such move-ment, and sometimes also the presence of serrations on the tip of the ovipositor, is responsible for the pier-cing action of the ovipositor into an egg-laying site.Movement of eggs...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 7 pdf
... 253–71.Kristensen, N.P. ( 199 9) Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms. EuropeanJournal of Entomology 96 , 237–53.Kristensen, N.P. & Skalski, A.W. ( 199 9) Phylogeny ... aswings held roof-like over the abdomen, fore wingseither membranous or in the form of tegmina of uni-form texture, and with the rostrum arising ventrallyclose to the anterior of the thorax, ... ormistaken. The fore-wing-derived halteres of strep-sipterans are gyroscopic organs of equilibrium with the same functional role as the halteres of Diptera (although the latter are derived from the...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 10 pdf
... hundreds of kilometers from shore in the Pacific Ocean. The dis-tribution of these insects coincides with mid-oceanicaccumulations of flotsam, where food of terrestrial origin supplements a diet of ... proponents of the pre-ferred exite–endite theory speculate that the progenitor of the pterygotes had aquatic immature stages. Supportfor the latter hypothesis appears to come from the factthat the ... into prox-imity by the stream flow.Many lotic insects are smaller than their counter-parts in standing waters. Their size, together with flex-ible body design, allows them to live amongst the cracksand...
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The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 11 ppsx
... andEvolution 4, 96 –100.McFadyen, R.E.C. ( 199 8) Biological control of weeds. AnnualReview of Entomology 43, 3 69 93 .Miles, P.W. ( 199 9) Aphid saliva. Biological Reviews 74,41–85.Nilsson, L.A. ( 199 8) Deep ... Interpreting the early evolution of the angiosperms is contentious, partly because of the paucity of fossilized flowers prior to the period of radiation, and also because of the apparent rapidity of the ... ( 199 9) Ecology of Insects. Concepts and Applications. Blackwell Science, Oxford.Thompson, J.N. ( 198 9) Concepts of coevolution. Trends inEcology and Evolution 4, 1 79 83.Wasserthal, L.T. ( 199 7)...
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