The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 9 ppt

... systems. Annual Review of Entomology 35, 2 49 69. TIC 09 5/20/04 4:44 PM Page 237 232 Ground-dwelling insects The Archaeognatha and Zygentoma represent the sur- viving remnants of a wider radiation of primitively ... complex circulation of air through the passageways of the nest, as illustrated for the above-ground nest of the African Macrotermes natalen- sis in...

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... numbers of insects is the role of sexual selection in the diversifica- tion of many insects. The propensity of insects to become isolated in small populations (because of the fine scale of their ... classification and their roles in our economic and wider lives. First, we outline the field of entomology and the role of ento- mologists, and then introduce the...

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... further discus- sion of the actions of eclosion hormone). Apolysis at the end of the fifth larval instar marks the beginning of a prepupal period when the developing pupa is pharate within the ... affects the eggs of the next generation. The ability of insects to recognize seasonal photo- period and other environmental cues requires some means of measuring tim...

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... pair of gonostyles (the third valves) derived from the distal part of the appendages of segment 9 (and homo- logous with the styles of the apterygotes mentioned above). In each half of the ovipositor, ... defensive and other com- pounds are products of the epidermis, which is a near- continuous, single-celled layer beneath the cuticle. Many of these compounds ar...

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... by the plant. By comparison, a macerate-and-flush strategy is typical of Heteroptera, such as mirids and coreids. These insects disrupt the tis- sues of plants or other insects by thrusting of the ... to be the primary mechanism for the movement of gases in the tracheae and is always the sole mode of gas exchange at the tissues. The efficiency of diffusion is...

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... that of its neigh- bors and together the array of all ommatidia provides the insect with a panoramic image of the world. Thus, the actual image formed by the compound eye is of a series of apposed ... insensitive to the wing tone of males of their species. Neither can the male detect the wing tone of immature females – the Johnson’s organ in his antenna respo...

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... selection; Wolbachia.] Ringo, J. ( 199 6) Sexual receptivity in insects. Annual Review of Entomology 41, 473 94 . Shapiro, A.M. & Porter, A.H. ( 198 9) The lock-and-key hypo- thesis: evolutionary and biosystematic ... transfer of sperm via the insertion of part of the male’s aedeagus (edeagus), the penis, into the repro- ductive tract of the female. In males of...

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... 253–71. Kristensen, N.P. ( 199 9) Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms. European Journal of Entomology 96 , 237–53. Kristensen, N.P. & Skalski, A.W. ( 199 9) Phylogeny ... as wings held roof-like over the abdomen, fore wings either membranous or in the form of tegmina of uni- form texture, and with the rostrum arising ve...

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... hundreds of kilometers from shore in the Pacific Ocean. The dis- tribution of these insects coincides with mid-oceanic accumulations of flotsam, where food of terrestrial origin supplements a diet of ... proponents of the pre- ferred exite–endite theory speculate that the progenitor of the pterygotes had aquatic immature stages. Support for the latter hypothesis app...

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... and Evolution 4, 96 –100. McFadyen, R.E.C. ( 199 8) Biological control of weeds. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 3 69 93 . Miles, P.W. ( 199 9) Aphid saliva. Biological Reviews 74, 41–85. Nilsson, L.A. ( 199 8) Deep ... Interpreting the early evolution of the angiosperms is contentious, partly because of the paucity of fossilized flowers prior to the period of radiation,...

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