Basic Theoretical Physics: A Concise Overview P41 docx

... temperature (and in this approximation, our neutron stars – and also “ white dwarfs ”, see above, can always be treated at the temperatures considered, viz as a degenerate Fermi gas ) is identical ... saturation vapor pressure outside a spherical droplet of radius R is thus greater than above a planar surface. With decreasing radius R the tendency of the particles to leave the liquid in...

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... we shall return to later. In this equation v = V N , and a and b are positive constants. For a = b = 0 the equation reverts to the ideal gas law. A T,p-diagram for H 2 O (with T as abscissa and ... temperature scales, such as, for example, Fahrenheit and R´eaumur, are not normally used in physics. As we shall see, the Kelvin temperature T plays a particular role. In the ideal gas equa...

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... ≡ 2U kin.,Transl. 3V is (as mentioned) not only valid for a classical ideal gas (ideal gases are so dilute that they can be regarded as interaction-free), but also for a non- relativistic ideal Bose and ... formula applies to non-interacting (i.e., “ideal”) relativistic and non-relativistic gases, and is not only valid for ideal Maxwell-Boltzmann gases, but also for ideal Fermi and Bose g...

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... 331 equations 163 mean field approximation (bi-linearized) of a Hamiltonian 334 mean field approximations 405, 408 measurable quantities (“observables”) in quantum mechanics 215 measurable quantities ... 402 main-sequence stars 388 MAPLE, MATHEMATICA 161 Markoff chain 412 mass defect 104 mathematical (versus physical) pendulum 75 Maxwell ’s displacement current 153, 156 ’s equations in Gaussia...

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... Vector as an Additional Conserved Quantity 39 7 The Rutherford Scattering Cross-section 41 8 Lagrange Formalism I: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian 45 8.1 The Lagrangian Function; Lagrangian Equations of ... Current Loops and their Equivalent Magnetic Dipoles 149 18.5 GyromagneticRatioandSpinMagnetism 151 19 Maxwell’s Equations I: Faraday’s and Maxwell’s Laws 153 19.1 Faraday’s Law of Induction and...

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... Experiment; LiquefactionofAir 319 41.7 Adiabatic ExpansionofanIdealGas 324 42 Phase Changes, van der Waals Theory and Related Topics 327 42.1 VanderWaals Theory 327 42.2 Magnetic Phase Changes; The Arrott Equation. ... Quantum Mechanics: Retrospect and Prospect 293 38 Appendix: “Mutual Preparation Algorithm” for Quantum Cryptography 297 Part I Mechanics and Basic Relativity 4 1 Space and Ti...

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... r and m s refer to the planet, and R and M s to the central star (“sun”), while γ is the gravitational constant. Here the [gravitational] masses play the role of gravitational charges, similar ... “active” and “passive” gravitational masses are equal (see the end of the preceding sec- tion), i.e., on the one hand, a body with an (active) gravitational charge M s generates a gravitational...

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... not just a universal number, but proportional to the mass M of the respective central star.) As already mentioned, Kepler’s second law is also known as the law of equal areas and is equivalent to ... the planet covers equal areas in equal time intervals. 3) The ratio T 2 /a 3 ,whereT is the time period and a the major principal axis of the ellipse, is constant for all planets (of the so...

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... 50 8 Lagrange Formalism I: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Compared to the Newtonian equations of motion, the Lagrangian formal- ism thus: a) not only has the decisive advantage of optimum ... center-of-mass coordinates and the azimuthal angle ϕ are therefore cyclic; thus one has the total linear momentum and the orbital angular mo- mentum as conserved quantities, and because the Lagrangian ... U...

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... inertial frames must be made via a Lorentz transforma- tion not a Galilean transformation. As a consequence, as already mentioned 6 , with these new insights into space and time Newtonian mechanics, ... bracket [A, B] P of two measurable quantities A and B is intimately related to the so-called commutator of the quantum mechanical operators ˆ A and ˆ B, i.e., [A, B] P → i   ˆ A...

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