the linux tcp ip stack networking for embedded systems

... build the background needed for the detailed information in later chapters. Chapter 3, TCP/ IP in Embedded Systems, ” discusses TCP/ IP from the standpoint of the embedded systems engineer. After ... 3: TCP/ IP in Embedded Systems TCP/ IP is the dominant protocol suite in modern networking. However, TCP/ IP is far from new technology; its origins go back to the 1970s. The popularity of Linux ... on Linux network interface drivers and how to interface them to the Linux TCP/ IP stack. The socket library is the primary means for application programs to send and receive data using the TCP/ IP...

... peripherals. Chapter 3: TCP/ IP in Embedded Systems TCP/ IP is the dominant protocol suite in modern networking. However, TCP/ IP is far from new technology; its origins go back to the 1970s. The ... build the background needed for the detailed information in later chapters. Chapter 3, TCP/ IP in Embedded Systems, ” discusses TCP/ IP from the standpoint of the embedded systems engineer. After ... embedded systems running proprietary OSs. In the meantime, various Unix derivatives were in use in embedded systems, and these OSs were the first ones to introduce TCP/ IP to the embedded systems...

... how to get the systemready for use, and how to run commands on the system. The rest of the book is all recipes, which are sorted in sections by the tasks they perform or the objects theywork ... follows: the first numberalways corresponds to the chapter number, and the second to the section of the recipe. For example, Chapter3 is The Shell, and Recipe No. 3.5 is the fifth recipe on shells, ... program. The software programs or files a recipe calls for are its ingredients. The recipes are structured as follows:1. Recipe number and title of the recipe.2. Special ingredients, if any. The...

... Among the agents that have been de-fined in the system, the most important are the agents placedin the eNSM device, and as a result, they comprise the systemcore. Of these last agents, the interface ... be updated. These capacities are sufficient for the mem-ory requirements of the software developed for implement-ing the protocol.Among other I/O interfaces, the device has a Fast Ether-net network ... DHCP SMTP TCP/ IP stack Embedded OS (evolution OSTM3) Embedded device server(Lantronix XPortARTM) TCP/ IP networkFigure 6: Architecture of the eNSM device prototype.Figure 7: The eNSM...

... be updated. These capacities are sufficient for the mem-ory requirements of the software developed for implement-ing the protocol.Among other I/O interfaces, the device has a Fast Ether-net network ... DHCP SMTP TCP/ IP stack Embedded OS (evolution OSTM3) Embedded device server(Lantronix XPortARTM) TCP/ IP networkFigure 6: Architecture of the eNSM device prototype.Figure 7: The eNSM ... Among the agents that have been de-fined in the system, the most important are the agents placedin the eNSM device, and as a result, they comprise the systemcore. Of these last agents, the interface...

... Support servicesUseful if you don't have your own support resourcesLong term support commitment, even for versions considered as obsolete by the community, but not by your users!44Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Commercial toolsetsCaution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary!Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code available to their users, and most of the time, to the community.As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party.No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the community.Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a customer to know or get a free preview kit to know.35Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationVarious tools34Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Emulators ­ SummarySystem emulatorsUseful to experiment with a full system, including the kernelqemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mipsSkyEye: several arm architecturesUser emulatorsUseful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUsqemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips20Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Platform specific toolchains (2)ColdfireCode Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU /Linux and uClinux):http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfirePowerPCCode Sourcery (supports GNU /Linux and EABI)http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html49Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Sysgo ­ Koan Softwarehttp://sysgo.comELinOS development toolset,in particular based on Eclipseand the Linux Trace Toolkit.Includes FreeToolBox, a freely downloadable compiling and rootfs creating toolchain.Supports i386, arm and ppc.Hard real­time support with their own microkernel (PikeOS),an approach similar to RTAI.http://koansoftware.comMakers of KaeilOS(http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial applications.KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm platforms. Other platforms supported upon request.Includes several graphical toolkits and supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai, preemption patches).Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not available for public download.16Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Standalone toolchain buildBuilding a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task! Can take days or weeks!Lots of details to learn. Several components to build(building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library).Lots of decisions to make(such as C library version and configuration for your platform)Need kernel headers and C library sourcesNeed to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platformUseful to be familiar with building and configuring toolshttp://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdfcan show you how fun it can be!21Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchain building utilitiesBuildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchainsand even entire root filesystems.Downloads sources and applies patches.Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchainsDoesn’t support uClibc yet.Downloads sources and applies patches.26Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchains ­ useful resourceseLinux.org toolchain page:http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains29Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationEmulators8Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008glibchttp://www.gnu.org/software/libc/License: LGPLC library from the GNU projectDesigned for performance, standards compliance and portabilityFound on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems:  about 1.7 MB on Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB)36Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008chrootAvailable in all GNU /Linux distributionsUsage:chroot <dir> [command]Runs a command or an interactive shellwith a special root directory.Standard usage: Internet serversServices executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system.Usage for embedded system development:Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host.Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set.Used by LFS  (Linux From Scratch).Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent./binlibetchttp/libetcbinchrootjail ... Support servicesUseful if you don't have your own support resourcesLong term support commitment, even for versions considered as obsolete by the community, but not by your users!44Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Commercial toolsetsCaution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary!Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code available to their users, and most of the time, to the community.As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party.No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the community.Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a customer to know or get a free preview kit to know.35Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationVarious tools34Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Emulators ­ SummarySystem emulatorsUseful to experiment with a full system, including the kernelqemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mipsSkyEye: several arm architecturesUser emulatorsUseful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUsqemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips20Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Platform specific toolchains (2)ColdfireCode Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU /Linux and uClinux):http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfirePowerPCCode Sourcery (supports GNU /Linux and EABI)http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html49Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Sysgo ­ Koan Softwarehttp://sysgo.comELinOS development toolset,in particular based on Eclipseand the Linux Trace Toolkit.Includes FreeToolBox, a freely downloadable compiling and rootfs creating toolchain.Supports i386, arm and ppc.Hard real­time support with their own microkernel (PikeOS),an approach similar to RTAI.http://koansoftware.comMakers of KaeilOS(http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial applications.KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm platforms. Other platforms supported upon request.Includes several graphical toolkits and supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai, preemption patches).Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not available for public download.16Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Standalone toolchain buildBuilding a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task! Can take days or weeks!Lots of details to learn. Several components to build(building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library).Lots of decisions to make(such as C library version and configuration for your platform)Need kernel headers and C library sourcesNeed to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platformUseful to be familiar with building and configuring toolshttp://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdfcan show you how fun it can be!21Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchain building utilitiesBuildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchainsand even entire root filesystems.Downloads sources and applies patches.Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchainsDoesn’t support uClibc yet.Downloads sources and applies patches.26Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchains ­ useful resourceseLinux.org toolchain page:http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains29Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationEmulators8Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008glibchttp://www.gnu.org/software/libc/License: LGPLC library from the GNU projectDesigned for performance, standards compliance and portabilityFound on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems:  about 1.7 MB on Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB)36Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008chrootAvailable in all GNU /Linux distributionsUsage:chroot <dir> [command]Runs a command or an interactive shellwith a special root directory.Standard usage: Internet serversServices executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system.Usage for embedded system development:Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host.Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set.Used by LFS  (Linux From Scratch).Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent./binlibetchttp/libetcbinchrootjail ... Support servicesUseful if you don't have your own support resourcesLong term support commitment, even for versions considered as obsolete by the community, but not by your users!44Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Commercial toolsetsCaution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary!Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code available to their users, and most of the time, to the community.As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party.No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the community.Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a customer to know or get a free preview kit to know.35Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationVarious tools34Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Emulators ­ SummarySystem emulatorsUseful to experiment with a full system, including the kernelqemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mipsSkyEye: several arm architecturesUser emulatorsUseful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUsqemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips20Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Platform specific toolchains (2)ColdfireCode Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU /Linux and uClinux):http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfirePowerPCCode Sourcery (supports GNU /Linux and EABI)http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html49Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Sysgo ­ Koan Softwarehttp://sysgo.comELinOS development toolset,in particular based on Eclipseand the Linux Trace Toolkit.Includes FreeToolBox, a freely downloadable compiling and rootfs creating toolchain.Supports i386, arm and ppc.Hard real­time support with their own microkernel (PikeOS),an approach similar to RTAI.http://koansoftware.comMakers of KaeilOS(http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial applications.KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm platforms. Other platforms supported upon request.Includes several graphical toolkits and supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai, preemption patches).Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not available for public download.16Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Standalone toolchain buildBuilding a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task! Can take days or weeks!Lots of details to learn. Several components to build(building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library).Lots of decisions to make(such as C library version and configuration for your platform)Need kernel headers and C library sourcesNeed to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platformUseful to be familiar with building and configuring toolshttp://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdfcan show you how fun it can be!21Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchain building utilitiesBuildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchainsand even entire root filesystems.Downloads sources and applies patches.Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchainsDoesn’t support uClibc yet.Downloads sources and applies patches.26Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchains ­ useful resourceseLinux.org toolchain page:http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains29Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationEmulators8Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008glibchttp://www.gnu.org/software/libc/License: LGPLC library from the GNU projectDesigned for performance, standards compliance and portabilityFound on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems:  about 1.7 MB on Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB)36Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008chrootAvailable in all GNU /Linux distributionsUsage:chroot <dir> [command]Runs a command or an interactive shellwith a special root directory.Standard usage: Internet serversServices executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system.Usage for embedded system development:Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host.Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set.Used by LFS  (Linux From Scratch).Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent./binlibetchttp/libetcbinchrootjail...

... switching. The j1a is the only chip needed; the rest are discrete parts.Once the hardware is settled, the task moves to designing your program. Page iC Programming for Embedded Systems Kirk ... this book. We include this hardware information to justify the choices we make in the design of the thermostat. The part of choice is the MC68705J1A, for its simplicity and small pin count. ... of any information herein and is not responsible for any errors or omissions. The publisher assumes no liability for damages resulting from the use of the information in this book or for any...

... input data to the board,executes on the ARM processor and transfers the resulting data back to the calling thread. For the ease of using the system model above, we propose some ideas for a simple ... execution. The interface controller maintains the link between the Kaffe system and the ATEB9200 board.It is responsible for halting the hardware in the event that execution needs to stop while the ... IntroductionNowadays, embedded systems are playing a major role on the development of technology. Embedded systems are present in almost all mobile and electrical devices. The goals of embedded systems are...