Chapter 048 Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 13) pptx

... hematocrit, and assessment of upper airway, chest wall, pleura, and neuromuscular function. Respiratory Acidosis: Treatment The management of respiratory acidosis depends on its severity and rate ... respiratory alkalosis may take several days and requires normal volume status and renal function. The kidneys appear to respond directly to the lowered Pa CO2 rather than to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... disturbances. Simple Acid-Base Disorders Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 48. Acidosis and Alkalosis Normal Acid-Base Homeostasis ... metabolic acidosis and [HCO 3 – ] of 12 mmol/L would be expected to have a Pa CO2 between 24 and 28 mmHg. Values for Pa CO2 <24 or >28 mmHg define a mixed d...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 2) Table 48-1 Prediction of Compensatory Responses on Simple Acid- Base Disturbances and Pattern of Changes Range ... Respiratory alkalosis Acute [HCO 3 - ] will 0.2 mmol/L per High Low Low mmHg in Pa CO2 Chronic [HCO 3 - ] will 0.4 mmol/L per mmHg in Pa CO2 Respiratory acidosis

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... is elevated at 30 mmol/L, indicating a mixed metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. A mixture of high-gap acidosis and metabolic alkalosis is recognized easily by comparing the differences ... (ABG) and electrolytes simultaneously. 2. Compare [HCO 3 - ] on ABG and electrolytes to verify accuracy. 3. Calculate anion gap (AG). 4. Know four causes of high- AG acidosis...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... patients with a pure AG acidosis owing to accumulation of a metabolizable organic acid anion Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 5) Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic acidosis can occur because ... deficit, a slow and often unpredictable process. Consequently, patients with a normal AG acidosis (hyperchloremic acidosis) , a slightly elevated AG (mixed hyperchlor...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... underlying cause of the lactic acidosis can be remedied, blood lactate will be converted to HCO 3 – and may result in an overshoot alkalosis. Ketoacidosis Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) This condition ... ketosis and ketonuria can not only change with therapy, but can be underestimated initially. Patients with AKA usually present with relatively normal renal function, as Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... ethyl alcohol infusion. Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 7) Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Treatment Extracellular fluid deficits almost always accompany AKA and should be repleted by ... leads to a metabolic acidosis and severe damage to the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and kidneys. The increased AG and osmolar gap are attributable to ethylene glycol...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 8) Methanol (See also Chap. e34) The ingestion of methanol (wood alcohol) causes metabolic acidosis, and its metabolites formaldehyde and ... Treatment Because of the association of renal failure acidosis with muscle catabolism and bone disease, both uremic acidosis and the hyperchloremic acidosis of renal failure re...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... pentamidine, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can also cause hyperkalemia with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in patients with renal Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part ... alkalosis and decreased or normal in respiratory acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis frequently occurs in association with other disorders such as respiratory acidosis or a...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... loop; DCT, distal convoluted tubule. Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 10) Differential Diagnosis To establish the cause of metabolic alkalosis (Table 48-6), it is necessary ... renin activity and normal urine [Na + ] and [Cl – ] in a patient who is not taking diuretics indicate a primary mineralocorticoid excess syndrome. The combination of hypokalemia and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21