Chapter 048 Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 1) pps
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 1) pps
... disturbances.
Simple Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 1)
Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 48. Acidosis and Alkalosis
Normal Acid-Base Homeostasis ... metabolic acidosis and [HCO
3
–
] of 12 mmol/L
would be expected to have a Pa
CO2
between 24 and 28 mmHg. Values for Pa
CO2
<24 or >28 mmHg define a mixed...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 4) ppsx
... is elevated at 30 mmol/L, indicating a mixed metabolic alkalosis and
metabolic acidosis. A mixture of high-gap acidosis and metabolic alkalosis is
recognized easily by comparing the differences ... (ABG) and electrolytes simultaneously.
2. Compare [HCO
3
-
] on ABG and electrolytes to verify accuracy.
3. Calculate anion gap (AG).
4. Know four causes of high-
AG acidosis...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 5) pps
... patients with a
pure AG acidosis owing to accumulation of a metabolizable organic acid anion
Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 5)
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic acidosis can occur because ... deficit, a slow and often
unpredictable process. Consequently, patients with a normal AG acidosis
(hyperchloremic acidosis) , a slightly elevated AG (mixed hyperchlor...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 8) pps
... Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 8)
Methanol
(See also Chap. e34) The ingestion of methanol (wood alcohol) causes
metabolic acidosis, and its metabolites formaldehyde and ... Treatment
Because of the association of renal failure acidosis with muscle catabolism
and bone disease, both uremic acidosis and the hyperchloremic acidosis of renal
failure re...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 10) pps
... loop; DCT, distal convoluted tubule.
Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 10)
Differential Diagnosis
To establish the cause of metabolic alkalosis (Table 48-6), it is necessary ... renin activity and normal urine [Na
+
]
and [Cl
–
] in a patient who is not taking diuretics indicate a primary
mineralocorticoid excess syndrome. The combination of hypokalemia and...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 2) pot
... Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 2)
Table 48-1 Prediction of Compensatory Responses on Simple Acid-
Base Disturbances and Pattern of Changes
Range ...
Respiratory
alkalosis
Acute [HCO
3
-
] will
0.2 mmol/L per
High
Low Low
mmHg in Pa
CO2
Chronic [HCO
3
-
] will
0.4 mmol/L per
mmHg in Pa
CO2
Respiratory
acidosis
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 6) pdf
... underlying cause of the lactic acidosis
can be remedied, blood lactate will be converted to HCO
3
–
and may result in an
overshoot alkalosis.
Ketoacidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
This condition ... ketosis and
ketonuria can not only change with therapy, but can be underestimated initially.
Patients with AKA usually present with relatively normal renal function, as
Chapter...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 7) pdf
... ethyl alcohol infusion.
Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 7)
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Treatment
Extracellular fluid deficits almost always accompany AKA and should be
repleted by ... leads to a metabolic acidosis and severe damage to the central nervous
system, heart, lungs, and kidneys. The increased AG and osmolar gap are
attributable to ethylene glycol...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 9) pdf
...
pentamidine, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can also cause
hyperkalemia with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in patients with renal
Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part ... alkalosis and decreased or normal in respiratory acidosis. Metabolic
alkalosis frequently occurs in association with other disorders such as respiratory
acidosis or a...
Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 11) pdf
... Chapter 048. Acidosis and
Alkalosis
(Part 11)
Alkali Administration
Chronic administration of alkali to individuals with normal renal function
rarely, if ever, causes alkalosis. ... phase of the acidosis. Acidosis- induced contraction of the
ECFV and K
+
deficiency act to sustain the alkalosis.
Posthypercapnia
Prolonged CO
2
retention with chronic respiratory ac...
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