Chapter 047 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 5) pps

... Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 5) Vitamin D deficiency, impaired 1,25(OH) 2 D production (primarily ... deposition of calcium, and impaired PTH secretion. Clinical Manifestations Patients with hypocalcemia may be asymptomatic if the decreases in serum calcium are relatively mild and chronic, or they ... life-threatening complications. Moderate to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... (Chap. 3 45); rarely, it may be associated with Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 3) A detailed history may provide important clues regarding the etiology of the hypercalcemia ... as ketoconazole, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, may also decrease 1,25(OH) 2 D production and are used occasionally. HYPOCALCEMIA Etiology The causes of hypocalcem...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... mutations, which impair extracellular calcium sensing by the parathyroid glands and the kidneys, resulting in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Although PTH secretion by tumors is extremely ... homology with PTH in the first 13 amino acids and binds the PTH receptor, thus mimicking effects of PTH on bone and the kidney. In PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy, P...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... value of 4.1 g/dL for albumin, and conversely for elevations in serum albumin. Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 2) Table 47-1 Causes of Hypercalcemia Excessive PTH production ... anorexia, constipation, or pancreatitis). Hypercalcemia decreases renal concentrating ability, which may cause polyuria and polydipsia. With long-standing hyperparathyr...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 4) Table 47-2 Causes of Hypocalcemia Low Parathyroid Hormone Levels (Hypoparathyroidism)

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... delirium, and mild derangements can lead to substantial cognitive disturbances in susceptible individuals. Other common metabolic etiologies include liver and renal failure, hypercarbia and hypoxia, ... and hypoxia, vitamin deficiencies of thiamine and B 12 , autoimmune disorders including CNS vasculitis, and endocrinopathies such as thyroid and adrenal disorders. Systemi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... acid anion Chapter 048. Acidosis and Alkalosis (Part 5) Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic acidosis can occur because of an increase in endogenous acid production (such as lactate and ketoacids), ... [HCO 3 – ] deficit, a slow and often unpredictable process. Consequently, patients with a normal AG acidosis (hyperchloremic acidosis), a slightly elevated AG (mixed hyperchloremi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... 6 00–1200 q 8 h Oxcarbaz ine 3 00 bid Pregab alin 1 50–600 bid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) Sympathetically Maintained Pain Patients with peripheral nerve ... Inte rval ANTICONVULSANTS AND ANTIARRHYTHMICS a Table 12-1 Drugs for Relief of Pain Generic Name Dose, mg Interval Comments NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS: USUAL DOSES AND I...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... cell surface and induces receptor internalization. Cetuximab (Erbitux) EGFR Colon cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Binds extracellular domain of EGFR and blocks ... imatinib is the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, and that Bcr-Abl kinase activity is still required by imatinib-resistant cells. Two drugs have been developed (dasatinib and nilotinib) that are...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... be stopped and reported to the blood bank for investigation. Chapter 107. Transfusion Biology and Therapy (Part 5) Fresh-Frozen Plasma FFP contains stable coagulation factors and plasma ... Willebrand disease. Plasma Derivatives Plasma from thousands of donors may be pooled to derive specific protein concentrates, including albumin, intravenous immunoglobulin, antithrom...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20