Chapter 047 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 3) pps
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 3) pps
... associated with
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia
and Hypocalcemia
(Part 3)
A detailed history may provide important clues regarding the etiology of
the hypercalcemia (Table 47-1). Chronic hypercalcemia ... as ketoconazole, chloroquine, and
hydroxychloroquine, may also decrease 1,25(OH)
2
D production and are used
occasionally.
HYPOCALCEMIA
Etiology
The causes of hy...
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 5) pps
... Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia
and Hypocalcemia
(Part 5)
Vitamin D deficiency, impaired 1,25(OH)
2
D production (primarily ... deposition of calcium, and impaired PTH secretion.
Clinical Manifestations
Patients with hypocalcemia may be asymptomatic if the decreases in serum
calcium are relatively mild and chronic, or they ... life-threatening
complications. Moderate to s...
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 1) docx
... mutations,
which impair extracellular calcium sensing by the parathyroid glands and the
kidneys, resulting in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH).
Although PTH secretion by tumors is extremely ... homology with PTH in the
first 13 amino acids and binds the PTH receptor, thus mimicking effects of PTH
on bone and the kidney. In PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy, P...
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 2) ppt
... value of 4.1 g/dL for albumin, and conversely for elevations in serum
albumin.
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia
and Hypocalcemia
(Part 2)
Table 47-1 Causes of Hypercalcemia
Excessive PTH production ... anorexia,
constipation, or pancreatitis). Hypercalcemia decreases renal concentrating ability,
which may cause polyuria and polydipsia. With long-standing
hyperparathyr...
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 4) potx
... Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia
and Hypocalcemia
(Part 4)
Table 47-2 Causes of Hypocalcemia
Low Parathyroid Hormone Levels (Hypoparathyroidism)
Chapter 034. Cough and Hemoptysis (Part 3) pps
... ventricular failure.
Chapter 034. Cough and
Hemoptysis
(Part 3)
Complications
Common complications of coughing include chest and abdominal wall
soreness, urinary incontinence, and exhaustion. ...
Blood can fill the airways and the alveolar spaces, not only seriously disturbing
gas exchange but potentially causing asphyxiation.
with elevated pulmonary venous and...
Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 3) pps
... Diarrhea and urgency, especially if severe, may aggravate or cause incontinence.
Pseudodiarrhea and fecal incontinence occur at prevalence rates comparable ... weeks, and chronic if >4 weeks in duration.
Two common conditions, usually associated with the passage of stool
totaling <200 g/d, must be distinguished from diarrhea, as diagnostic and ... stool, is often associated w...
Chapter 039. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion (Part 3) ppsx
... nausea and vomiting.
Approach to the Patient: Nausea and Vomiting
History and Physical Examination
The history helps define the etiology of unexplained nausea and vomiting.
Drugs, toxins, and ... vomiting with or without nausea.
Chapter 039. Nausea, Vomiting,
and Indigestion
(Part 3)
Disordered gut sensorimotor function also commonly causes nausea and
vomiting. G...
Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 3) pps
... one-half the
neutrophils in the basal state and is composed of those cells that are in the blood
Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes
and Monocytes
(Part 3)
Pelger-Hüet anomaly. In this benign ... neutrophil distribution and kinetics between the different
anatomic and functional pools
The circulating pool exists in two dynamic compartments: one freely
flowing and on...
Bees And Honey - Part 3 ppsx
... cells available, the last having hatched and
gone. This little cluster moved across the hive and sat on the
previously abandoned and by now dead queen cells and stayed with
them for about ten days, ... the entrance and abandoned a couple of queen cells
which were on the extreme side, away from the main body. After a
considerable bout of swarming only a handful of bees were left...