Chapter 047 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 2) ppt

... value of 4.1 g/dL for albumin, and conversely for elevations in serum albumin. Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 2) Table 47-1 Causes of Hypercalcemia Excessive PTH production ... anorexia, constipation, or pancreatitis). Hypercalcemia decreases renal concentrating ability, which may cause polyuria and polydipsia. With long-standing hyperparath...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... tubular reabsorption of calcium by the kidney (2) and resorption of calcium from bone (2) that are associated with increased parathyroid cell mass and impaired feedback inhibition by calcium. ... mutations, which impair extracellular calcium sensing by the parathyroid glands and the kidneys, resulting in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Although PTH secretion by tum...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... associated with Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 3) A detailed history may provide important clues regarding the etiology of the hypercalcemia (Table 47-1). Chronic hypercalcemia ... as ketoconazole, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, may also decrease 1,25(OH) 2 D production and are used occasionally. HYPOCALCEMIA Etiology The causes of hypo...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 4) Table 47-2 Causes of Hypocalcemia Low Parathyroid Hormone Levels (Hypoparathyroidism)

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 5) Vitamin D deficiency, impaired 1,25(OH) 2 D production (primarily ... deposition of calcium, and impaired PTH secretion. Clinical Manifestations Patients with hypocalcemia may be asymptomatic if the decreases in serum calcium are relatively mild and chronic, or they ... life-threatening complications. Moderate to s...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 030. Disorders of Smell, Taste, and Hearing (Part 2) Disorders of the Sense of Smell These are caused by conditions ... are head trauma in children and young adults, and viral infections in older adults. Table 30-1 Causes of Olfactory Dysfunction disease progresses. The loss of taste and smell may play an important ... craniopharyngiomas, suprasellar meningioma...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... failure, dermatitis, pulmonary cancer ND Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 2) Table 71-2 Deficiencies and Toxicities of Metals Element Deficiency Toxicity ... Upper (Dietary) Intake Level mortality Manganese Impaired growth and skeletal development, reproduction, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; upper body rash General:...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Chapter 121. Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses (Part 2 ) Primary (Spontaneous) Bacterial Peritonitis Peritonitis ... rule. In fact, if PBP is suspected and multiple organisms including anaerobes are recovered from the peritoneal fluid, the diagnosis must be reconsidered and a source of secondary peritonitis ... expected to show ascites. Chest and abdominal radiogr...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 13:15

... b, and c_in and produces an output on ports sum and c_out. Thus, module fulladd4 performs an addition for its environment. The module Top is a top-level module in the simulation and does not ... as consisting of two units, one unit that is internal to the module and another that is external to the module. The internal and external units are connected. There are rules governing...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 03:15