Chapter 035 Hypoxia and Cyanosis (Part 4) doc

... Generally, digital clubbing does not occur with them. Chapter 035. Hypoxia and Cyanosis (Part 4) Differential Diagnosis CENTRAL CYANOSIS (Table 35-1) Decreased Sa O2 results from a marked ... at rest, and shunting of this blood intensifies the cyanosis. Secondary polycythemia occurs frequently in patients with arterial O 2 unsaturation and contributes to the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 035. Hypoxia and Cyanosis (Part 5) PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS Probably the most common cause of peripheral cyanosis is the normal vasoconstriction ... results in pallor and coldness, and there may be associated cyanosis. Venous obstruction, as in thrombophlebitis, dilates the subpapillary venous plexuses and thereby intensifies cyanosis. Approach ... acquired...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... only in part by an FI O2 of 100%. Chapter 035. Hypoxia and Cyanosis (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 35. Hypoxia and Cyanosis HYPOXIA The fundamental task of the ... intensifies hypoxia and can initiate a vicious circle. Rarely, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) develops. This is manifest by severe headache and papilledema and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... tissues, directly and/ or reflexly; (3) increasing O 2 extraction from the delivered blood and widening the arteriovenous O 2 difference; and (4) reducing the pH of the tissues and capillary blood, ... gradient. Generalized circulatory hypoxia occurs in heart failure (Chap. 227) and in most forms of shock (Chap. 2 64). SPECIFIC ORGAN HYPOXIA Localized circulatory hypoxi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 035. Hypoxia and Cyanosis (Part 3) Adaptation to Hypoxia An important component of the respiratory response to hypoxia originates in special chemosensitive ... cells in the carotid and aortic bodies and in the respiratory center in the brainstem. The stimulation of these cells by hypoxia increases ventilation, with a loss of CO 2 , and can lead to respi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 022. Dizziness and Vertigo (Part 4) a In Ménière's disease, the direction of the fast phase is variableVertigo ... decreases cerebral blood flow and should reproduce ischemic symptoms. Hyperventilation is the cause of dizziness in many anxious individuals; tingling of the hands and face may be absent. Forced ... hyperventilation syndrome, hypoglycemia, and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... Vibrio species and Yersinia infections and should avoid raw fish. 4. Daycare attendees and their family members. Infections with Shigella, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, and other agents ... less, and abdominal cramping or bloating is greater; fever is higher with the latter. Cytotoxin-producing and invasive microorganisms all cause high fever and abdominal pain. Inva...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... extremities secondary to venous incompetence and chronic edema. Patients may give a history of deep venous Chapter 053. Eczema and Dermatitis (Part 4) Figure 53-2 thrombosis, have evidence ... responds well to topical moisturizers and the avoidance of cutaneous irritants. Overbathing and the use of harsh soaps exacerbate asteatotic eczema. Stasis Dermatitis and Stas...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... the circulation. Figure 60-1 Chapter 060. Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen (Part 4) Splenomegaly Structure and Function of the Spleen The spleen is a reticuloendothelial organ that ... Old and damaged erythrocytes are less deformable and are retained in the cords, where they are destroyed and their components recycled. Red cell inclusion bodies such as parasite...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... proctitis and in part due to malabsorption), depression, seizures, and dementia are also part of the pellagra syndrome—the four Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia leading to death. Chapter ... dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia leading to death. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 4) Thiamine Deficiency: Treatment In acute thi...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20