Chapter 033 Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 5) pps

... vascular markings in Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 5) Distinguishing Cardiovascular from Respiratory System Dyspnea If a patient has evidence of both pulmonary and cardiac disease, ... forces, and a propensity for the alveoli to collapse at low lung volumes. Physiologically, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is characterized by intrapulmonary s...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... of chest tightness. J-receptors, sensitive to interstitial edema, and pulmonary vascular receptors, activated by acute changes in pulmonary artery pressure, appear to contribute to air hunger. ... and feedback messages do not match, an error signal is generated and the intensity of dyspnea increases. (Adapted from Gillette and Schwartzstein.) Motor Efferents Disorders o...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 3) Differential Diagnosis Dyspnea is the consequence of deviations from normal function in the cardiopulmonary systems. ... contribute to dyspnea, both by increasing the work of breathing and by stimulating pulmonary receptors if there is associated atelectasis. Gas Exchanger Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and aspi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... indicates pulmonary venous hypertension, while enlarged central pulmonary arteries suggest pulmonary artery hypertension. An enlarged cardiac silhouette suggests a Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary ... interstitial edema or fibrosis, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or impaired chest wall motion). The pulmonary parenchyma should be examined for evidence of interstitial diseas...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 6) Distinguishing Cardiogenic from Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema The history is essential for assessing ... pulmonary edema. The physical examination in cardiogenic pulmonary edema is notable for evidence of increased intracardiac pressures (S3 gallop, elevated jugular venous pulse, peripheral edema) , ... an...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 2) Integration: Efferent-Reafferent Mismatch A discrepancy or mismatch between the feed-forward message to the ventilatory muscles and ... unpleasant and interpreted as abnormal. We are still in the early stages of learning the best ways to assess the affective dimension of dyspnea. Some therapies for dyspnea, such a...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesisa Kyphoscoliosis a Spina bifida occulta a Tethered spinal cord a Minor trauma Strain or sprain Whiplash injury b Chapter 016. Back and Neck Pain (Part ... effort. EMG and nerve conduction studies will be normal when only limb pain or sensory nerve root injury or irritation is present. Causes of Back Pain Table 16-3 Causes...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... sulfosalicylic or trichloracetic acids. Currently, ultrasensitive Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 5) Approach to the patient with hematuria. RBC, red blood cell; WBC, ... 45-3 and is typically initiated after detection of proteinuria by dipstick examination. The dipstick measurement detects mostly albumin and gives false-positive results when pH >...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... vitamin, mineral, and protein-energy deficiencies and excesses are outlined in Table 72-4. Most of the physical findings are not specific for individual nutrient deficiencies, and they must be ... drop, and decreased tendon reflexes, fine tactile sense, vibratory sense, and position sense) Thiamine, pyridoxine, vi tamin B 12 Pyridoxine Tetany Calcium, magnesium Oth...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Chapter 084. Head and Neck Cancer (Part 5) Head and Neck Cancer: Treatment Patients with head and neck cancer can be categorized into three ... regionally advanced disease, and those with recurrent and/ or metastatic disease. Comorbidities associated with tobacco and alcohol abuse can affect treatment outcome and define long-term risks ... chemotherapy [usually cis...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20