Biochemistry, 4th Edition P37 pot

... re- ferred to as palindromes (despite the inaccuracy of this description). Inverted re- peats have the potential to adopt cruciform (meaning “cross-shaped”) structures if the normal interstrand base ... as nor- mal DNA duplexes because an unpaired segment must exist in the loop region. Cru- ciforms potentially create novel structures that can serve as distinctive recognition sites for specific...

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... the intermediates in metabolism. Mechanical support, shape, and protection against swelling in hypotonic media. The cell wall is a porous nonselective barrier that allows most small molecules to

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... H-bond formation. Water can serve as both an H donor and an H acceptor in H-bond formation. The potential to form four H bonds per water molecule is the source of the strong intermolecular at- tractions ... such structures are the processes of life. Properties of biomolecules that endow them with the potential for creating the living state include the following: Biological macromolecules and...

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... ionization. [ADP][P i ] ᎏᎏ [ATP][H 2 O] Ϫ⌬G° ᎏ nᏲ Proton Transfer Potential Standard Reduction Potential Group Transfer Potential (Acidity) (Electron Transfer Potential) (High-Energy Bond) Simple equation AH 34 A Ϫ ϩ ... (pK a and reduction poten- tial, Ᏹ o , respectively). As shown in Table 3.4, the notion of group transfer is fully analogous to those of ionization potential and reduction po...

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... the reactions necessary to keep cells and organisms alive must run against their thermodynamic potential, that is, in the direction of positive ⌬G. Among these are the synthesis of adenosine ... All naturally occurring processes proceed toward equilib- rium, that is, to a state of minimum potential energy. The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any crystalline, perfectly o...

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... together. This hydrophobic effect in- duces formation of a compact structure—the folded protein. A potential problem with this rather simple folding model is that polar backbone NOH and CP O groups

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... N-linked oligosaccharides to direct selected proteins to A DEEPER LOOK Drug Research Finds a Sweet Spot A variety of diseases are being successfully treated with sugar-based therapies. As this table ... medicines.Scientific American 287:40–47. Additional References: Alper, J.,2001. Searching for medicine’s sweet spot. Science 291:2338–2343. Borman,S., 2007. Sugar medicine. Chemical & Engi...

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