... interest and oppor-tunity for modeling (Lipp et al. 2002, Hastings 1997, 2001, Hastings and McKinnon 1998, Hastings and D’Allesandro 2000, Hastings et al.2002) and opportunities exist for new ... bridges ecology, immunology, and epidemiology (Antia and Lipschitz 1997, Hellriegel 2001, Ahmed et al.2002, Gardner and Thomas 2002, Rolff and Siva-Jothy 2002, 2003,Wegner et al. 2003). Shudo and ... meaning any deviation from a comple-tely random distribution – is sufficient to stabilize the dynamics.The papers of Anderson and May (1978) and May and Anderson(1978) are well worth examining,...