Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, 2006) - Chapter 4 pot

... sketch a graph with l on the x-axis and y ¼l or y ¼Àre Àl on the y-axis and look for their intersections and note that if  ¼0 then l ¼Àr). 148 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids hosts at ... size Hosts 500 (d) 20 40 60 80 Week 100 120 140 160 136 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids Fðx max ; 1jh À 1; TÞ¼Fðx max þ 1; 1jh; TÞ (4: 41) because the left hand side of Eq...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... undergraduates, graduate students, post-docs, and even those beyond) who wants to develop the intuition and skills required for reading the literature in theoretical and mathematical biology and for doing work in ... 1Þg 1=a and for the values from Einum and Fleming that this is 0.1 244 g. For comparison, the observed egg size in their experiments was about 0.12 g. (c) (...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... (thousands of tons) 1965 1.78 94 1966 1.31 212 1967 0.91 195 1968 0.96 383 1969 0.88 320 1970 0.9 40 2 1971 0.87 366 1972 0.72 606 1973 0.57 378 19 74 0 .45 319 1975 0 .42 309 1976 0 .42 389 1977 0 .49 ... stocks, the southern Gulf of St. Laurence, for which r ¼ 0.15 and K ¼15 2 34 tons, and the faster growing North Sea stock for which r ¼0.56 and K ¼185 1 64 tons (the data on...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... x K 2  (2: 34) and equations that could describe a mutualistic interaction (for example between ants and butterflies, see Pierce and Nash (1999) or Pierce et al. (2002); for yuccas and moths see ... 10 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0 .4 –0.2 0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1 (a) x y 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0 .4 –0.2 0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1 (b) x y 0 (d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... l ¼Np (for which we set t ¼1 implicitly). Random search with depletion In many situations in ecology and evolutionary biology, we deal with random search for items that are then removed and not ... statistical methods for scientists); 0.0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 2 3 4 (a) p f 0.0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 p f (c) 0.0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1 .4 p...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (a) 40 45 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time Population size Parasites Hosts (d) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Population ... Smith and Wilkinson (2002), Morgan et al.(20 04) and Sumpter and Martin (20 04) . Cultural and behavioral effects Clearly social behavior and culture play a role...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 910 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 (a) X(t ) t t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 2.8 3 3.2 3 .4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4. 4 (c) X(t ) t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 3 3.5 4 (b) 4. 5 X(t ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 (d) 5.5 t X(t ... first encountered in Chapter 2 (some  n (x) are shown in Figure 7.10). –5 4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 45 0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1 .4 x δ n (x) Figure 7.10. T...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... general formulation, and investigate both its advantages and its limitations. (b) N max 1100 1080 1060 1 040 T (N max ) 1020 1000 980 0 100 200 300 40 0 N max T (N max ) 44 00 (a) 43 00 42 00 41 00 40 00 3900 3800 3700 0 ... 0 .41 0 2 0.328 0.21 3 0.252 0.39 4 0.182 0.95 5 0. 142 1.32 6 0.085 1 .48 7 0.057 2 .45 8 0.031 3.78 9 0.021 2.56 10 0.0 14 4.07 11 0.005 3.76 12 0.005 3...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... refuges 137, 142 – 145 effects of multiple attacks 143 – 145 instability 135– 140 stabilization 137, 141 – 145 , 1 64 variation in attack rate 137, 141 – 143 no-flux boundary conditions 62– 64 noise blue ... environments 31–36, 73– 74 predation and random search 20 –23, 24 two-dimensional 48 –58 diffusion and exponential growth 64 69, 78 and logistic growth 69–73, 79 as a rando...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 0.0000 MA (4) 0.036997 0.0 747 96 0 .49 4633 0.6209 MA(5) −0.0 045 44 0.059 140 −0.0768 34 0.9388 MA(6) −0. 140 7 14 0. 046 739 −3.010598 0.0027 MA(7) 0.253016 0. 042 340 5.975838 0.0000 MA(8) −0.20 644 5 0. 040 077 ... 0.0000 AR (4) −0. 041 003 0.07 942 3 −0.5162 64 0.6058 AR(5) 0.001376 0.067652 0.020338 0.9838 AR(6) 0.13 241 3 0.0 540 71 2 .44 8866 0.0 145 AR(7) −0.238913 0.0525 94 4...

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 16:47