Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, 2006) - Chapter 1 potx

... our assumption, the only things that the forager does is search and handle prey it ems, so that T ¼S þH or T ¼ S þh 1 l 1 S ¼ S 1 þl 1 h 1 Þ (1: 1) We now solve this equation for the time spent searching, ... available and obtain S ¼ T 1 þ l 1 h 1 (1: 2) Since the number of prey items encountered is l 1 S and each item provides net energy E 1 , the total energy from...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... to about 31; from 31 to about 95, and so forth. 1 1.2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 r N(500) Figure 2.9. The bifurcation plot of N(500) versus r; see text for details. 42 ... 10 1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 (a) x y 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 (b) x y 0 (d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... maximum likelihood k 0 5 (a) 10 15 0 0.05 0 .1 0 .15 0.2 0.25 Pr(K = k) 0 5 10 15 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0 .1 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0.2 (b) k Pr(K=k) 0 5 10 15 0 0.05 0 .1 0 .15 0.2 k Pr(K = k) (c) Figure ... observed information). 0 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 –9 –8 –7 –6 (a) p L( p| 4, 10 ) 0 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... * 0 012 345678 910 111 213 1 415 1 617 1 819 20 10 00 2000 3000 (d) Figure 4 .15 . Linking behavior and population dynamics together leads to a rich panoply of dynamical results. In panels (a–c), the superior and ... is FðsjtÞ¼ 1 Àl 1 ðtÞÀl 2 ðtÞÞ 1 À m s ÞFðs þ 1jtÞþl 1 ðtÞf1 þ 1 À m o ÞFðs þ 1jtÞg þ l 2 ðtÞmaxf þ 1 À m o ÞFðs þ 1jtÞ; 1 À m s ÞFðs þ 1jtÞg (4:39) which we sol...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 25 0 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Φ 2 (r ) Resources at the time of reproduction, r (b) (c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Resources, r Optimal response (d) 0 5 10 15 20 250 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Optimal ... that. Nuland (19 93) is a fine discussion of disease and dying in 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... (thousands of tons) 19 65 1. 78 94 19 66 1. 31 212 19 67 0. 91 195 19 68 0.96 383 19 69 0.88 320 19 70 0.9 402 19 71 0.87 366 19 72 0.72 606 19 73 0.57 378 19 74 0.45 319 19 75 0.42 309 19 76 0.42 389 19 77 0.49 ... 0.42 309 19 76 0.42 389 19 77 0.49 277 19 78 0.43 254 19 79 0.4 17 0 19 80 0.45 97 19 81 0.5 91 1982 0.53 17 7 19 83 0.58 216 19 84 0.64 229 19 85 0...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... in 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0. 01 0. 012 0. 014 0. 016 0. 018 0.02 18 16 14 12 10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 m C = 50 C = 500 C = 10 00 log 10 (u(x)) Figure 7.7. The base 10 logarithm of the approximation ... base 10 of this approximat ion to u(x), so that log 10 (u(x)) ¼2m(C x)log 10 e. I have plotted this function in Figure 7.7, for x 10 and C ¼50, 500, or 10 00. Now, C 10...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Wilson 1 1 10 1 10 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 0 10 00 Equilibrial population size(K ) 10 000 10 0 000 0.5 λ /μ = 1 λ /μ = 10 00 Time to extinction (T 1 ) 10 2 1. 1 1. 01 λ = 2 Figure ... (a) l(a) m(a) 010 1 0. 41 0 2 0.328 0. 21 3 0.252 0.39 4 0 .18 2 0.95 5 0 .14 2 1. 32 6 0.085 1. 48 7 0.057 2.45 8 0.0 31 3.78 9 0.0 21 2.56...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... dynamics) 13 5 13 7 effects of host refuges 13 7, 14 2 14 5 effects of multiple attacks 14 3 14 5 instability 13 5 14 0 stabilization 13 7, 14 1 14 5, 16 4 variation in attack rate 13 7, 14 1 14 3 no-flux boundary ... 311 – 312 , 319 –320 Lighthill, M. J. (Sir James) 61 62 , 78 likelihood 91 95, 11 6, 12 7 likelihood ratio 13 1 13 2 linear regression 11 6 11 8 linear superpositi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... correlation Q-Stat. Prob. 1 −0. 010 −0. 010 0 .15 09 2 −0.004 −0.004 0 .17 77 3 0.004 0.004 0 .19 73 4 −0.0 01 −0.0 01 0 .19 90 5 0.000 0.000 0 .19 91 6 −0. 019 −0. 019 0.7099 7 −0.004 −0.004 0.7284 8 −0. 015 −0. 015 1. 0573 9 ... 7 0 50 10 0 15 0 200 0.9 1. 0 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 Series:USEURSP Sample 1 1749 Observations 17 49 Mean Median Maximum Minimum Std. Dev. Skewness Kurtosis...

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 16:47