Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 6 docx

... abnormal oral behaviors (fig. 6. 2.2), with wall-licking giraffes (Bashaw et al. 2001), tongue-rolling okapis, and dirt-eating Przewalski’s horses (e.g., Hintz et al. 19 76; Ganslosser and Brunner ... shorter, and their preferences may change. Early students of foraging behavior were interested in foraging behavior because they thought it would yield a deeper understanding of pr...

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... size Danger 0 0.2 0.4 042 6 0 .6 0.8 1.0 8 10 perfect two-to-go no collective Group size Danger 0 0.2 0.4 042 6 0 .6 0.8 1.0 8 10 A. B. Figure 9 .6. Danger depends on both information flow within groups and the relationship ... guppies react less quickly to predators when foraging than when not foraging, and even less quickly when foraging nose down (Krause and Godin 19 96) ....

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... feeding behaviors and heritable phenotypes. And the strategies and behaviors of others influence the optimal combinations of behaviors and morphology. We need game theory to analyze the evolu- tion ... between foraging behavior, phenotypic evolution, and community structure. BOX 12.1 Isolegs and Isodars The ideal free distribution (IFD) of Fretwell and Lucas (1 969 ) provides...

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... in ecology in the late 1970s and 1980s and is described in sections 1.8 and 1.9 below. Stephens and Krebs (19 86) used the idea of state dependence in two chapters and anticipated the still-growing ... in Stephens and Krebs (19 86) lies in social foraging games and the consequences of foraging as a group. Foraging games between predator and prey represent an extens...

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... the long-term rate of patch encounter will control patch exploitation patterns, and that travel time patterns such as “long-short-long- short-long-short . . . ” will give the same long-term encounter ... interactions. 2.7 The Behavioral Ecology of Information and Cognition Information problems connect behavioral ecology with basic behavioral mech- anisms such as learning, memory, and...

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... agonist that most effectively mim- ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar- tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor. Neuropil ... maze, and choice by primates among concealed food sites are all components of natural foraging, or very similar to components of natural foraging. It is no accident that feed...

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... without ap- parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in- nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 1 963 ), several ravens never Cognition for Foraging 125 concentration). ... tools without under- standing the means-ends relationship. Visalberghi and colleagues (Visalberghi and Limongelli 19 96) tested capuchins and chimpanzees using a clear...

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... instance, that plug-flow reactors outper- form bothbatch and continuous-flow, stirred-tank reactorsfor a givenreactor volumeand when reactionsarecatalytic, but continuous-flow,stirred-tankre- actors outperform ... Structure and Function Foraging ecologists often consider gut morphology, digestion and absorption biochemistry, and the flow rate of food through the gut as constraints on...

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... understand the selective forces that have shaped energy storage and expenditure strategies. Such models have become standard in evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 19 86; Mangel and ... spent on foraging and resting (“stopovers”) before and between migratory flights (Hedenstr ¨ om and Alerstam 1997). Migra- tion can therefore be seen largely as a foragi...

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... (tactics 1 6) . (B) The expected means and standard deviations in total daily delivery resulting from each prey selection tactic are shown here, and the “z-score” method of Stephens and Charnov (1982) ... higher workload, and the mea- sured behavior should approach the predictions of the three rate-maximizing currencies. McNamara and Houston (1997) give a general derivation and...

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