Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 5 pps

... instance, that plug-flow reactors outper- form bothbatch and continuous-flow, stirred-tank reactorsfor a givenreactor volumeand when reactionsarecatalytic, but continuous-flow,stirred-tankre- actors outperform ... both the y-intercept and the slope of equation (5. 6) may decline (fig. 5. 7): food consumption narrows the acceptable diet. Box 5. 2 discusses how learning and taste affect f...

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... models and empirical tests can be found in Parker and Sutherland (1986), Milinski and Parker (1991), Kennedy and Gray (1993), Tregenza (19 95) , Tregenza et al. (1996), van der Meer and Ens (1997), and ... (Caraco 1981, 1987; Caraco and Giraldeau 1991). To eval- uate this possibility, Koops and Giraldeau (1996) exploited the fact that rate-maximizing and variance-sensitive p...

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... prob- lems within behavioral ecology, spurred on by a long-standing interest in sex- ual signaling and other forms of communication (Dall and Johnstone 2002), that may reinvigorate interest in foraging ... in ecology in the late 1970s and 1980s and is described in sections 1.8 and 1.9 below. Stephens and Krebs (1986) used the idea of state dependence in two chapters and a...

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... “long-short-long- short-long-short . . . ” will give the same long-term encounter rate as “long- long-long-short-short-short . . . ” Yet these researchers found that observed patch-leaving behavior ... interactions. 2.7 The Behavioral Ecology of Information and Cognition Information problems connect behavioral ecology with basic behavioral mech- anisms such as learning, memory, and...

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... agonist that most effectively mim- ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar- tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy -5 - methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor. Neuropil ... maze, and choice by primates among concealed food sites are all components of natural foraging, or very similar to components of natural foraging. It is no accident that f...

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... that combined a delayed matching-to-sample and a delay- ed symbolicmatching-to-sample procedure, pigeonslearned to forgeta previ- ously presented sample (fig.4 .5) . This procedure presented apigeon ... without ap- parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in- nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 1963), several ravens never Cognition for Forag...

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... specially adapted teeth and jawsin mammals (Lucas1994), mandiblesin insects (Bernays1991), and teeth, jaws, andpost-oral pharyngeal mills in fishes(Clements and Rauben- heimer 20 05) . An alternative, ... available to the herbivore, and where microbes are involved, mi- crobial proteins and B-complex vitamins are further useful by-products (Stevens and Hume 19 95) . Despite (and in...

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... evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 1986; Mangel and Clark 1988; Bulmer 1994; Houston and McNamara 1999) and range from simple analytic to complex computer models. While analytic mo- dels ... spent on foraging and resting (“stopovers”) before and between migratory flights (Hedenstr ¨ om and Alerstam 1997). Migra- tion can therefore be seen largely as a...

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... are treated more fully by Hedenstr ¨ om and Alerstam (19 95) , Ydenberg (1998), Houston and McNamara (1999), and Nolet and Klaassen (20 05) . Thus, provi- sioning behavior operates within an envelope ... acquisition to un- derstand the diversity of provisioning behavior. Like the rest of behavioral ecology, provisioning models emphasize costs and benefits, and they ask how cos...

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... correct, but not always (Bouskila and Blumstein 1992; Abrams 1994, 19 95; Bouskila et al. 19 95; Koops and Abrahams 1998). For the models used in this chapter, the fitness of foraging somewhat too much ... trade-offs between foraging and mortality followed the same basic function. Foraging in the Face of Danger 329 9.12 Suggested Readings Current issues of journals in animal beha...

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