Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 3 ppt

... agonist that most effectively mim- ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar- tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino -3 - hydroxy-5-methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor. Neuropil ... should (Box 3. 3 continued) expectation, and thus the dopamine neurons are quiescent when the an- ticipated reward is delivered. Omission of the reward constitutes a worse-...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... general explana- tion for animals’ strong preference for immediacy. In an alternative approach, Stephens and colleagues (Stephens 2002; Ste- phens and Anderson 2001; Stephens and McLinn 20 03) have argued ... prob- lems within behavioral ecology, spurred on by a long-standing interest in sex- ual signaling and other forms of communication (Dall and Johnstone 2002), that may re...

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... coadaptations be- tween behaviors and morphologies (coevolution), and the conservation and 460 Joel S. Brown and Burt P. Kotler substitute equation ( 13. 3) into equation ( 13. 1) for µ and see how predator density, ... population- and community-level consequences (see chap. 12). Inbehavioral studies,GUDs complement othermeasures offeed- ing behaviors such as patch residence times...

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... Microtus. Journal of Mam- malogy 69 :31 1 31 9. . 1989. Sexual selection for spatial-learning ability. Animal Behavior 37 :32 2 33 1. Gauthier, M., Cano-Lozano, V., Zaoujal, A., and Richard, D. 1994. ... 7:59–1 13. Bliss, T. V. P., and Collingridge, G. L. 19 93. A synaptic model of memory: Long-term poten- tiation in the hippocampus. Nature 36 1 :31 39 . Bliss, T. V. P., and Lomo,...

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... “long-short-long- short-long-short . . . ” will give the same long-term encounter rate as “long- long-long-short-short-short . . . ” Yet these researchers found that observed patch-leaving behavior ... interactions. 2.7 The Behavioral Ecology of Information and Cognition Information problems connect behavioral ecology with basic behavioral mech- anisms such as learning, memory, and...

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... without ap- parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in- nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 19 63) , several ravens never Cognition for Foraging 125 concentration). ... stimulus. In an experiment that combined a delayed matching-to-sample and a delay- ed symbolicmatching-to-sample procedure, pigeonslearned to forgeta previ- ously presente...

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... instance, that plug-flow reactors outper- form bothbatch and continuous-flow, stirred-tank reactorsfor a givenreactor volumeand when reactionsarecatalytic, but continuous-flow,stirred-tankre- actors outperform ... some in- vertebrates, including hydras and coelenterates; plug-flow reactors are ana- logues for the tubular guts found in most multicellular invertebrates and vertebrates; and...

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... the dry matter, water-soluble car- bohydrate, and starch content of grass and clover increase differentially over the course of the day (0 730 –1 930 ), and that sheep bite rate and chewing rate decline ... herbivore foraging behavior, we must under- stand the dynamics of plant growth. We need to become experts, not just on animal behavior, but also on plant growth and metabolis...

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... understand the selective forces that have shaped energy storage and expenditure strategies. Such models have become standard in evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 1986; Mangel and ... stimulated by increased leptin and insulin (as occurs if one gains a little extra weight), release α-MSH at MC3 and MC4 receptors to reduce food intake and 230 Anders Brodin...

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... acquisition to un- derstand the diversity of provisioning behavior. Like the rest of behavioral ecology, provisioning models emphasize costs and benefits, and they ask how costs and benefits select ... on the self-feeding rate and the tactical options avail- able, as described in equations (8.1) and (8.2). The three lines labeled i = 1, 2, 3 represent three succes- sively higher-...

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