Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 1 ppt

... in ecology in the late 19 70s and 19 80s and is described in sections 1. 8 and 1. 9 below. Stephens and Krebs (19 86) used the idea of state dependence in two chapters and anticipated the still-growing ... history and the intensity of debate. Stephens andKrebs (19 86)reviewed theissues up to1986 (seePyke etal. 19 77; Kamil and Sargent 19 81; and Krebs et al. 19 8...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... agonist that most effectively mim- ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar- tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor. Neuropil ... issuetheoretically and empir- ically (Devenport and Devenport 19 94; Hirvonen et al. 19 99; Kacelnik and Todd 19 92; Shettleworth and Plowright 19 92; Stephens 19 8...

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... preda- tor encounter is higher than the prescient prey’s and lower than the ignorant prey’s. (After Brown et al. 19 99.) 13 Foraging and the Ecology of Fear Joel S. Brown and Burt P. Kotler 13 .1 ... population- and community-level consequences (see chap. 12 ). Inbehavioral studies,GUDs complement othermeasures offeed- ing behaviors such as patch residence times, giving-up ti...

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... and Physiology A 11 4:205– 209. Brandauer, N., and Wu, S. K. 19 78. The freshwater mussels (family Unionidae). Natural His- tory Inventory of Colorado 2: 41 60. Breland, K., and Breland, M. 19 61. ... American Naturalist 11 0 :14 1 15 1. . 19 76b. Optimal foraging: The marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology 9 :12 9 13 6. Charnov, E. L., and Orians, G. H. 19 73....

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Recent work (Clark and Mangel 19 84, 19 86; Templeton and Giraldeau 19 95; Valone 19 89; Valone and Giraldeau 19 93) has sharpened our questions about the distinction between public and private information. Consider ... rules (Bush and Mosteller 19 55; Harley 19 81; Rescorla and Wagner 19 72; see also chap. 4). These mathematical models describe the time course and quali...

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... without ap- parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in- nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 19 63), several ravens never Cognition for Foraging 12 5 concentration). ... phenomena, and theories continue to be developed (see Kraemer and Spear 19 93; Miller and Escobar 20 01; and other reviews in Zentall 19 93). Ecology and Con...

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... resource 1 (e 1 /h 1 e 2 /h 2 and e 1 /b 1 > e 2 /b 2 ). Second, profitability is greater for resource 1, but food richness is greater for resource 2 (e 1 /h 1 > e 2 /h 2 and e 2 /b 2 > e 1 /b 1 ). ... resources oppor- tunistically. For this figure, a 1 =0 .1; e 1 = e 2 = h 1 = b 1 = b 2 =1; b 2 =1to5;T =1; k =2;R 1 = 0. 01; R 2 = 0 ,1, ,50. the world...

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... Marcellini1995; Forchhammer and Boomsma 19 95; Farnsworth and Illius 19 96, 19 98; Van Wieren 19 96; Torres and Bozinovic 19 97b; Ferguson et al. 19 99; Illius et al. 19 99; Fortin 20 01) , but there are other ... ingested at different times (Alexander 19 94). Such “plug-flow reactors” (Penry and Jumars 19 86, 19 87) are often found in carnivores (Penry and Jumars 19 90; A...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... understand the selective forces that have shaped energy storage and expenditure strategies. Such models have become standard in evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 19 86; Mangel and ... (Nucifraga spp.) spend most of the autumn hoarding food (Swan- berg 19 51; Tomback 19 77;VanderWall 19 88) ,and they dependon thisstored 238 Anders Brodin and Colin W. Cla...

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... are treated more fully by Hedenstr ¨ om and Alerstam (19 95), Ydenberg (19 98), Houston and McNamara (19 99), and Nolet and Klaassen (2005). Thus, provi- sioning behavior operates within an envelope ... higher workload, and the mea- sured behavior should approach the predictions of the three rate-maximizing currencies. McNamara and Houston (19 97) give a general derivation an...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20