Research Techniques in Animal Ecology - Chapter 10 ppsx

... recorded during social interactions. In this we explore interactions during grooming and dominance. In the fourth section we explore methods used for gathering data on social interaction and then, in ... simultaneously recip- rocal allogrooming bouts for one individual (A) with other individuals (B, C, D, and E) and all com- bined (All) in a group-grooming huddle. (The grooming intera...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... banding, col- laring, wing tagging, harnessing, gluing, tying, suturing, clamping, and implanting (Kenward 1987; Samuel and Fuller 1994). Since the earliest uses of radiomarking in birds, it ... American Fisheries Society 101 : 365–366. Stonehouse, B. 1978. Animal marking: Recognition marking of animals in research. Balti- more, Md.: University Park Press. Stott, B. 1968. Marking and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... diverse as research and management questions. Knowing animals’ home ranges provides significant insight into mating patterns and reproduction, social organization and inter- actions, foraging and ... estimat- ing animal home ranges. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 95 100 . Seaman, D. E. and R. A. Powell. 1990. Identifying patterns and intensity of home range use. International Conference on...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... of hypotheses in eco- logical research. Hypothesis Testing in Ecology 3 ᭿ What Is a Hypothesis? Hypotheses must be universal in their application, but the meaning of univer- sal in ecology is far ... of angels-on-the-pinhead, and you could waste your scien- tific life trying to find an answer to it. But you will find in the literature almost no discussion of which types of questi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... zibethicus) during a general population increase swelled 3 0- to 9 0- fold in low-quality habitats but much less in high-quality habitats. Considering that, in general, animals in poor-quality habitats ... con- straints) to consider both of these levels of selection. Alldredge and Ratti (1986, 1992) compared four methods (including the chi-square, Johnson’s, and two others based...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 40 80 Herbs, non-Compositae 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 30 30 50 80 Turtles 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 40 40 50 70 90 170 Terrestrial salamanders 10 ... Annual Monitoring of Animal Populations 50% 25% 10% Group 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 Mammals, large 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 40 Gr...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... response that again is evaluated by monitoring. And the process of perpetual modeling, manipulating, monitor- ing, evaluating, and revising the model continues indefinitely. Given the com- plexity of ... models in biology. New York: Random House. Ellison, A. M. 1996. An introduction to Bayesian inference for ecological research and envi- ronmental decision-making. Ecological Applications 6...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... varia- tion model developed earlier in this chapter. Instead of each animal having 322 GARY C. WHITE mates used in the model. Uncertainty about the model is not included in this confidence interval ... a declining population. Most populations for which we are concerned about extinction probabilities have suffered a serious decline in numbers. The geno- types remaining after a severe...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... the decreasing need to classify land in homogeneous categories. In other words, species-specific habitat mapping is increasingly incorporating independent environmental databases processed using information ... used in these various senses? The word originates from habitare, to inhabit. According to Merriam-Webster (1981) the term was originally used in old natural histories as the ini...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... than in other scientific endeavors. Nonetheless, there is no good justification for studying animal pop- ulations without greater discipline. These intrinsic difficulties in studying animal ecology ... ani- mals establish and maintain home ranges: The benefits of maintaining a home range exceed the costs. Let C D be the daily costs for an animal, excluding the costs, C R , of monitorin...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:57