From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 18 pps
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 18 pps
... land-
derived, nutrient-rich water from rivers.
Air–sea exchange
Atmosphere
Ocean surface
Mixed layer
Benthos
Dissolved inorganics
Small phytoplankton Large phytoplankton
Bacteria
MacrozooplanktonMicrozooplankton
Bacteria
Dissolved ... introduced
tracer levels of a rare isotope of nitro-
gen (as nitrate-containing
15
N) into the
water of an estuary in Massachusetts, USA, to study how nit...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 2 pps
... sampled from diverse
localities in northern USA and Canada, and were tested for
freezing tolerance and ability to acclimate to cold. Individuals
from the most freeze-tolerant population (from ... environ-
mental conditions because water tends to move into organisms
from the environment and this needs to be resisted. In marine
habitats, the majority of organisms are isotonic...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 5 pps
... therefore trajectories that follow a cohort through
time. This is indicated by arrows, pointing from many small, young
individuals (bottom right) to fewer, larger, older individuals
(top left).
Mean ... small population sizes: A to B, B to C) and is small close to the carrying capacity (I to J, J to K), but is large at
intermediate densities (E to F). The result is an ‘S...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 15 ppsx
... 1000
40
20
189 6
189 7
189 8
189 9
1900
189 5
189 1
189 3
189 2
189 4
188 2
188 3
188 4
188 5
188 6
188 8
188 7
189 0
188 9
Figure 15.16 The fleet size of the North Pacific fur seal fishery
(predators) responded to the ... We cannot con-
tinue to use the same pesticides if increasing numbers of pests
become resistant to them. We cannot (if we wish to have fish to
eat i...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 17 ppsx
... water too deep for photosynthesis
to be appreciable or even to take place at all, but it derives its
energy base from dead phytoplankton, bacteria, animals and
feces that sink from the autotrophic ... normal photosynthetic chan-
nels, and it overflows into destructive photo-oxidation reactions.
The more nutrient-rich a water body is, the shallower its
euphotic zone is likely to be (F...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 21 ppsx
... species richness
from island to island was partitioned,
statistically, into that attributable to island area alone, that attrib-
utable to habitat diversity alone, that attributable to correlated
variation ... species richness
may be related to an increase in pro-
ductivity as one moves from the poles to the equator. The length
of the growing season increases from the poles...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 22 pps
... was an entirely
bottom-up effort by the local community (not directed top-down
by governmental or nongovernmental agencies) and the diverse
groups have worked face -to- face from the beginning. ... herb-
ivorous zooplankton and phytoplankton to guide the manage-
ment of lakes towards a particular ecosystem endpoint (Mehner
et al., 2002).
••
Cumulative number of invaders
0
181 0–19
(c)
2...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 1 pptx
... area
showing the gradual change from pasture
to cliff conditions. (c) The mean length
of stolons produced in the experimental
garden from samples taken from the
transect. (From Aston & Bradshaw, 1966.)
the ... evolutionary history.
All species are absent from almost everywhere, and we consider
next, in Chapter 2, the ways in which environmental conditions
vary from place...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 3 potx
... dioxide
The CO
2
used in photosynthesis is
obtained almost entirely from the atmo-
sphere, where its concentration has risen from approximately
280 µll
−1
in 1750 to about 370 µll
−1
today and is still ... feedback from elevated CO
2
concentrations to plant growth, to
microbial activity and back to plant
growth. The arrows between descriptors
indicate causation; the black arrow...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 4 ppt
... sometimes
to pupae, and then to adults; plants pass from seeds to seedlings
to photosynthesizing adults; and so on. The different stages are
likely to be influenced by different factors and to have ... population
to describe a group of individuals of one
species under investigation. What actually constitutes a popula-
tion, though, will vary from species to species and f...
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