From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 17 ppsx
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 17 ppsx
... water too deep for photosynthesis
to be appreciable or even to take place at all, but it derives its
energy base from dead phytoplankton, bacteria, animals and
feces that sink from the autotrophic ... productivity
EIPC17 10/24/05 2:12 PM Page 516
522 CHAPTER 17
in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Figure 17. 26b
re-emphasizes how consumption efficiency by grazers i...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 15 ppsx
...
post-emergence activity.
The phenol derivatives, particularly the nitrophenols such as
2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, are contact chemicals with broad-
spectrum toxicity extending beyond plants to ... We cannot con-
tinue to use the same pesticides if increasing numbers of pests
become resistant to them. We cannot (if we wish to have fish to
eat in future) continue to remove fish fr...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 21 ppsx
... species richness
from island to island was partitioned,
statistically, into that attributable to island area alone, that attrib-
utable to habitat diversity alone, that attributable to correlated
variation ... species richness
may be related to an increase in pro-
ductivity as one moves from the poles to the equator. The length
of the growing season increases from the poles...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 1 pptx
... area
showing the gradual change from pasture
to cliff conditions. (c) The mean length
of stolons produced in the experimental
garden from samples taken from the
transect. (From Aston & Bradshaw, 1966.)
the ... evolutionary history.
All species are absent from almost everywhere, and we consider
next, in Chapter 2, the ways in which environmental conditions
vary from place...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 2 pps
... sampled from diverse
localities in northern USA and Canada, and were tested for
freezing tolerance and ability to acclimate to cold. Individuals
from the most freeze-tolerant population (from ... environ-
mental conditions because water tends to move into organisms
from the environment and this needs to be resisted. In marine
habitats, the majority of organisms are isotonic...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 3 potx
... dioxide
The CO
2
used in photosynthesis is
obtained almost entirely from the atmo-
sphere, where its concentration has risen from approximately
280 µll
−1
in 175 0 to about 370 µll
−1
today and is still ... Patterns of prim-
ary productivity are examined in Chapter 17. Relatively little space
in this chapter is given to food as a resource for animals, simply
because a series of...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 4 ppt
... sometimes
to pupae, and then to adults; plants pass from seeds to seedlings
to photosynthesizing adults; and so on. The different stages are
likely to be influenced by different factors and to have ... population
to describe a group of individuals of one
species under investigation. What actually constitutes a popula-
tion, though, will vary from species to species and f...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 5 pps
... therefore trajectories that follow a cohort through
time. This is indicated by arrows, pointing from many small, young
individuals (bottom right) to fewer, larger, older individuals
(top left).
Mean ... small population sizes: A to B, B to C) and is small close to the carrying capacity (I to J, J to K), but is large at
intermediate densities (E to F). The result is an ‘S...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 6 pot
... (Murton et al., 1966).
Individuals may also gain from living in groups if this helps to
locate food, give warning of predators or if it pays for individuals
to join forces in fighting off a predator ... attracting individuals to disperse towards one another and
forces provoking individuals to disperse away from one another.
As we shall see in a later chapter, such compromi...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 7 docx
... which grows from 1900 to 3000 m. But as colder weather
sets in, they travel to lower elevations and from October to May
they feed primarily on Bashania fargesii, which grows from 1000
to 2100 m. ... in twelve 5-year age classes through dis-
crete 5-year time steps. Values for age-specific survivorship and
density-dependent reproductive rates were derived from a
thorough data...