From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 9 potx
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 9 potx
... tussock
–1
)
199 5 198 5
0
197 5
10
20
30
198 0
5
15
25
199 0
C. rubra
C. seretofolia
C. rigida
Flowering intensity
(inflorescences tussock
–1
)
199 5 198 5
0
197 5
4
6
8
198 0
Year
199 0
2
C. crassiuscula
C. ... good at outmaneuvering
the predators (Figure 9. 9c); and (iv) they may even have failed
to recognize the predators (FitzGibbon & Fanshawe, 198 9;
FitzGibbon, 199 0)....
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 3 potx
... (c)
(a)
(g)
(f)
(c)
(e)
Lanthanons
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
71
Lu
Actinons
90
Th
91
Pa
92
U
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No
103
Lr
Figure ... & Sand-Jensen, 199 7.)
Photosynthetic rate (mg O
2
g
–1
DW h
–1
)
400300100
–2
0
2
6
10
200
Concentration of CO
2
(µmol l
–1
)
0
4
8
Figur...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 13 potx
... (%)
0
70
(b)
50
10
30
60
20
40
194 6
198 5
Year
198 7
198 9
199 1
199 3
199 5
198 6
199 1
199 5
197 9
198 3
198 1
Mid
Outer
Inner
Figure 13.13 (a) Monthly mean sea
surface temperatures (SSTs) for sea areas
off Phuket, Thailand, from 194 5 ... produce powerful toxic alkaloids that
••••
another mutualism
extending beyond
two species
SST (°C)
27
31
(a)
196 1
Year
30
29
28
195...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 1 pptx
... 1:42 PM Page 1
••••
14 CHAPTER 1
N
62
95
68
70
54
53
43
55
85
86
76
99
81
91
77
84
89
75
59
60
61
67
74
69
83
82
97
90
94
81
50
52
49
51
48
37
35
36
38
39
47
44
46
66
58
81
80
98
punalua
group
(58–65)
glabriapex
group
(34–57)
grimshawi ... gradual change from pasture
to cliff conditions. (c) The mean length
of stolons produced in the experimental
garden from sam...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 2 pps
... ••••
42 CHAPTER 2
–2
195 0 195 5 196 0 196 5 197 0 197 5 198 0 198 5 199 0 199 5
Year
2000
Niño 3.4 region (threshold − 0°C)
2
1
0
–1
Sea surface ... (°C)
2000 190 01880
–0.4
1860
0.0
0.6
1.0
192 0
Year
0.8
0.4
0.2
–0.2
198 0 196 0 194 0
Figure 2.25 Global annual surface
temperature variations from 1860 to 199 8.
The bars show departures from the mean
at ... cold. Individuals
fr...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 4 ppt
... al.,
199 2.)
> ;9
8–8 .9
7–7 .9
6–6 .9
5–5 .9
4–4 .9
Cohort age (months)
Control
January 197 6
3–3 .9
2–2 .9
1–1 .9
0–0 .9
Fertilized
> ;9
8–8 .9
7–7 .9
6–6 .9
5–5 .9
4–4 .9
Control
Mature phase
July 197 6
3–3 .9
2–2 .9
1–1 .9
0–0 .9
Fertilized
Figure 4.3 The age ... taxa from the reef
crest at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef (sample sizes are given
above each bar)...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 5 pps
... numbers ( )
(a)
120
80
198 2
40
198 4 196 8 198 0 197 8 197 6 197 2 197 4 197 0
100
60
20
5.0
Log
10
numbers
(b)
194 7
4.0
195 1 194 9 195 0 194 8
3.0
0
3
2
1
Late summer
numbers ( )
Year
Figure 5 .9 Population regulation ... in 194 3, group B alive
and small in 194 3, group C appeared first
in 194 4, group D in 194 5 and group E
thereafter, presumably from seedlings.
(After Tamm, 195...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 6 pot
... (years)
0 400 600 800 1000
200
Time (years)
0.0
197 7 198 9 199 1 197 2
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
197 7 198 9 199 1 197 2
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
197 7 198 9 199 1 197 2
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
P
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
Middle
0.0
P
P
P
P
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
North
South
Middle
North
0.0
P
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
Northern
patch ... Kareiva, 199 0; Keeling, 199 9). The first
is an ‘island’ or ‘spatiall...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 7 docx
... rate from 199 3 to 199 5 (ratio of
population sizes) and population size (in
199 4). (From Fischer & Matthies, 199 8.)
. . . illustrated by
the heath hen
EIPC07 10/24/05 1:56 PM Page 208
202 CHAPTER ... Lande, 199 2.)
Table 7 .9 An example of a projection matrix for a particular Silene regia population from 199 0 to 199 1, assuming recruitment. Numbers
represent the proporti...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 8 pdf
... 50
199 5 199 6 199 7
Radius (mm)
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
(a)
Aggregation index
10
0.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
1.5
2.5
30 50
10 30 50 10 30 50
199 5 199 6 199 7
Aira
Radius (mm)
10 30 50 10 30 50 10 30 50
199 5 199 6 199 7
Erodium
Figure ... surface and T. angus-
tifolia mainly from 60 to 90 cm (Grace & Wetzel, 199 8). When
grown on its own (allopatry), the depth distribution of T. angus-
tifolia...
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