From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 9 potx

... tussock –1 ) 199 5 198 5 0 197 5 10 20 30 198 0 5 15 25 199 0 C. rubra C. seretofolia C. rigida Flowering intensity (inflorescences tussock –1 ) 199 5 198 5 0 197 5 4 6 8 198 0 Year 199 0 2 C. crassiuscula C. ... good at outmaneuvering the predators (Figure 9. 9c); and (iv) they may even have failed to recognize the predators (FitzGibbon & Fanshawe, 198 9; FitzGibbon, 199 0)....

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... (c) (a) (g) (f) (c) (e) Lanthanons 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu Actinons 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr Figure ... & Sand-Jensen, 199 7.) Photosynthetic rate (mg O 2 g –1 DW h –1 ) 400300100 –2 0 2 6 10 200 Concentration of CO 2 (µmol l –1 ) 0 4 8 Figur...

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... (%) 0 70 (b) 50 10 30 60 20 40 194 6 198 5 Year 198 7 198 9 199 1 199 3 199 5 198 6 199 1 199 5 197 9 198 3 198 1 Mid Outer Inner Figure 13.13 (a) Monthly mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for sea areas off Phuket, Thailand, from 194 5 ... produce powerful toxic alkaloids that •••• another mutualism extending beyond two species SST (°C) 27 31 (a) 196 1 Year 30 29 28 195...

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... 1:42 PM Page 1 •••• 14 CHAPTER 1 N 62 95 68 70 54 53 43 55 85 86 76 99 81 91 77 84 89 75 59 60 61 67 74 69 83 82 97 90 94 81 50 52 49 51 48 37 35 36 38 39 47 44 46 66 58 81 80 98 punalua group (58–65) glabriapex group (34–57) grimshawi ... gradual change from pasture to cliff conditions. (c) The mean length of stolons produced in the experimental garden from sam...

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... •••• 42 CHAPTER 2 –2 195 0 195 5 196 0 196 5 197 0 197 5 198 0 198 5 199 0 199 5 Year 2000 Niño 3.4 region (threshold − 0°C) 2 1 0 –1 Sea surface ... (°C) 2000 190 01880 –0.4 1860 0.0 0.6 1.0 192 0 Year 0.8 0.4 0.2 –0.2 198 0 196 0 194 0 Figure 2.25 Global annual surface temperature variations from 1860 to 199 8. The bars show departures from the mean at ... cold. Individuals fr...

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... al., 199 2.) > ;9 8–8 .9 7–7 .9 6–6 .9 5–5 .9 4–4 .9 Cohort age (months) Control January 197 6 3–3 .9 2–2 .9 1–1 .9 0–0 .9 Fertilized > ;9 8–8 .9 7–7 .9 6–6 .9 5–5 .9 4–4 .9 Control Mature phase July 197 6 3–3 .9 2–2 .9 1–1 .9 0–0 .9 Fertilized Figure 4.3 The age ... taxa from the reef crest at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef (sample sizes are given above each bar)...

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... numbers ( ) (a) 120 80 198 2 40 198 4 196 8 198 0 197 8 197 6 197 2 197 4 197 0 100 60 20 5.0 Log 10 numbers (b) 194 7 4.0 195 1 194 9 195 0 194 8 3.0 0 3 2 1 Late summer numbers ( ) Year Figure 5 .9 Population regulation ... in 194 3, group B alive and small in 194 3, group C appeared first in 194 4, group D in 194 5 and group E thereafter, presumably from seedlings. (After Tamm, 195...

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... (years) 0 400 600 800 1000 200 Time (years) 0.0 197 7 198 9 199 1 197 2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.0 197 7 198 9 199 1 197 2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.0 197 7 198 9 199 1 197 2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.0 P 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 Middle 0.0 P P P P 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 North South Middle North 0.0 P 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 Northern patch ... Kareiva, 199 0; Keeling, 199 9). The first is an ‘island’ or ‘spatiall...

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... rate from 199 3 to 199 5 (ratio of population sizes) and population size (in 199 4). (From Fischer & Matthies, 199 8.) . . . illustrated by the heath hen EIPC07 10/24/05 1:56 PM Page 208 202 CHAPTER ... Lande, 199 2.) Table 7 .9 An example of a projection matrix for a particular Silene regia population from 199 0 to 199 1, assuming recruitment. Numbers represent the proporti...

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... 50 199 5 199 6 199 7 Radius (mm) 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 (a) Aggregation index 10 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 30 50 10 30 50 10 30 50 199 5 199 6 199 7 Aira Radius (mm) 10 30 50 10 30 50 10 30 50 199 5 199 6 199 7 Erodium Figure ... surface and T. angus- tifolia mainly from 60 to 90 cm (Grace & Wetzel, 199 8). When grown on its own (allopatry), the depth distribution of T. angus- tifolia...

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