From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 7 docx
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 7 docx
... which grows from 1900 to 3000 m. But as colder weather
sets in, they travel to lower elevations and from October to May
they feed primarily on Bashania fargesii, which grows from 1000
to 2100 m. ... in twelve 5-year age classes through dis-
crete 5-year time steps. Values for age-specific survivorship and
density-dependent reproductive rates were derived from a
thorough data...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 12 docx
... 0.1
f10 0 0 .7 0.9 0 .7 0.55 0.9 1 1 0 .7 1 0.5 0.4
f11 0 0.5 0.9 0 .75 0 .7 1 1 0.95 0 .75 1 1 0.35
f12 0 0.15 0 0.1 0.65 0.35 1 1 0 .7 0.8 0.85 0.4
EIPC12 10/24/05 2:05 PM Page 380
•• ••
374 CHAPTER 12
(d)
Year
1000
100
10
Number ... 0.2 1 0.85 0.8 0 .75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.85 0 .75 0.45 0.25
f7 0.2 0 .75 0.6 1 0.4 0.45 1 0.9 0.85 1 0 .75 0.35
f8 0 0.95 0.55 0.95 0.35 0.25 0.8 1 0.85 1 0...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 1 pptx
... 10/24/05 1:42 PM Page 1
••••
14 CHAPTER 1
N
62
95
68
70
54
53
43
55
85
86
76
99
81
91
77
84
89
75
59
60
61
67
74
69
83
82
97
90
94
81
50
52
49
51
48
37
35
36
38
39
47
44
46
66
58
81
80
98
punalua
group
(58–65)
glabriapex
group
(34– 57)
grimshawi ... group
(3–16)
2
3
Niihau
Kauai
Oahu
Lanai
Molokai
Maui
Kahoolawe
Hawaii
63
64
65
71
72
73
78
79
87
88
92
93
96
100
101...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 2 pps
... sampled from diverse
localities in northern USA and Canada, and were tested for
freezing tolerance and ability to acclimate to cold. Individuals
from the most freeze-tolerant population (from ... 5-month-old cod (mm)
7. 5
7. 0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
10060 70 80 90
Temperature (°C)
2.5
–5
5
NAO index
4.5
4
3.5
3
6–4–3–2–1012345
Length of 5-month-old cod (mm)
50
2.5
100
Temperature (°C...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 3 potx
... organisms
1
H
3
Li
11
Na
19
K
37
Rb
55
Cs
87
Fr
4
Be
12
Mg
20
Ca
38
Sr
56
Ba
88
Ra
21
Sc
39
Y
57
La
89
Ac
22
Ti
40
Zr
72
Hf
23
V
41
Nb
73
Ta
24
Cr
42
Mo
74
W
25
Mn
43
Tc
75
Re
26
Fe
44
Ru
76
Os
27
Co
45
Rh
77
Ir
28
Ni
46
Pd
78
Pt
29
Cu
47
Ag
79
Au
30
Zn
48
Cd
80
Hg
5
B
13
Al
31
Ga
49
In
81
Tl
6
C
14
Si
32
Ge
50
Sn
82
Pb
7
N
15
P
33
As
51
Sb
83
Bi
8
O
16
S
34
Se
52...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 4 ppt
... 8 ,70 0 0.296 0.592
3 20 0.0000200 11,600 0.232 0.696
4 15.5* 0.0000155 12 ,70 0 0.1 97 0 .78 8
5 11 0.000110 12 ,70 0 0.140 0 .70 0
6 6.5* 0.0000065 12 ,70 0 0.082 0.492
7 2 0.0000020 12 ,70 0 0.025 0. 175
8 ... sometimes
to pupae, and then to adults; plants pass from seeds to seedlings
to photosynthesizing adults; and so on. The different stages are
likely to be influenced by...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 5 pps
... therefore trajectories that follow a cohort through
time. This is indicated by arrows, pointing from many small, young
individuals (bottom right) to fewer, larger, older individuals
(top left).
Mean ... of behavior.
Individuals of a territorial species
that fail to obtain a territory often
make no contribution whatsoever to
future generations. Territoriality, then,
••••
Figure...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 6 pot
... (years)
0 400 600 800 1000
200
Time (years)
0.0
1 977 1989 19911 972
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
1 977 1989 19911 972
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
1 977 1989 19911 972
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
P
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
Middle
0.0
P
P
P
P
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
North
South
Middle
North
0.0
P
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
Northern
patch ... followed prior to, during
and after a period of severe defoliation. The clone...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 8 pdf
... S
30
15
0
25
10
0
Month
Simpson’s
Diversity
Index
96>> 97& gt;>
7
5
1
6
4
1
6
4
1
Lewis
Jackson
Yellowstone
Figure 8. 37 Variation in phytoplankton
species diversity (Simpson’s index) with
depth in 2 years in three large lakes in the
Yellowstone ... performance was due to improved access to pre-
ferred nest sites and consequent decreased losses of nestlings
to predators. In...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 9 potx
... times
take longer to respond to increases in prey abundance, and
longer to recover when reduced to low densities.
The same phenomenon occurs in
desert communities, where year -to-
year variations ... seeds,
mealworms, zooplankton relative to fish), it often fails to pre-
dict diets of foragers that attack mobile prey (small mammals,
fish, zooplankton relative to insect predators)...
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