From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 5 pps
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 5 pps
... 1944, group D in 19 45 and group E
thereafter, presumably from seedlings.
(After Tamm, 1 956 .)
1943
1 956
1944
19 45
1946
1947
1948
1949
1 950
1 951
1 952
1 953
1 954
1 955
0
A
3010 20 0
E
6 050 403020100
D
3010 ... ()
.
••
k = log
10
(1 + aN
t
)
3 .52 .00 .50
3 .5
1.0
Log
10
N
t
3.0
2 .5
2.0
1 .5
1.0
0 .5
1 .5 2 .5 3.0
a = 0 .5
N
0
= 5
a = 0.1
N
0
= 3
a = 0. 05
N
0...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 2 pps
... 1000s)
4 .5
50
8.0
Length of 5- month-old cod (mm)
7 .5
7.0
6 .5
6.0
5. 5
5. 0
10060 70 80 90
Temperature (°C)
2 .5
5
5
NAO index
4 .5
4
3 .5
3
6–4–3–2–10123 45
Length of 5- month-old cod (mm)
50
2 .5
100
Temperature ... (°C)
25
20
15
10
5
Salinity (%)
0 1020304 05 152 5 354 5
2600
250 0
250 0
1900
1900
1900
1900
900
900
600
600
600
55 0
53 0
250
240
240
240
80
(m)...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 15 ppsx
... (million tonnes)
15
10
5
0
Year
2000
19 951 99019 851 98019 751 97019 651 9601 955 1 950
Figure 15. 8 Landings of the Peruvian anchovy since 1 950 . (After
Jennings et al., 2001; data from FAO, 19 95, 1998.)
fixed-quota
harvesting ... et al. (19 95) detected it in only three of 128 fish stock
••••
Monthly total catch (tonnes)
35, 000
30,000
25, 000
20,000
15, 000
10,000
50 00
0
Year...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 17 ppsx
... in
aquatic communities
EIPC17 10/24/ 05 2:12 PM Page 50 4
50 8 CHAPTER 17
type. Above-ground NPP was estimated for a number of grass-
land sites along two west -to- east precipitation gradients in the
Argentinian ... rainforest Amazonia 1–200 (8) 13.2 7.2 − 45
EIPC17 10/24/ 05 2:12 PM Page 50 6
•• ••
51 4 CHAPTER 17
the nutrient-rich water sets off a bloom of phytoplankton pro-
duc...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 18 pps
... Stephens
6
4
2
8
8
152 .6 152 .2 152 .4
2
3
Depth (m)
153 .6 153 .2
–200
153
– 150
–100
0
153 .4
50
153 .2 152 .8 153
Longitude (°E)
1
3
8
Depth (m)
–200
– 150
–100
0
Nov 15, 1998
50
2
6
4
8
(a) Urunga
1
3
2
10
Figure 18.14 Contours ... and
outputs are small
compared to internal
cycling
Old forest
NPP
472
270
444
R
h
10 ,52 1
1923
1233
13 25
5330
16
NPP
R
h
357
Young forest...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 21 ppsx
... increase
then a decrease
(hump-shaped
relationships)
200
100
50
90
50
10
50
10
5
1
0
50
10
5
1
0
50 0 1000 150 0 2000
50 0 1000 150 0 2000
50 0 1000 150 0 2000
50 0 1000 150 0 2000
(a) Birds
(b) Mammals
(c) ... recovering from the Pleistocene
••••
Number of species
(a) Birds
600
50 0
400
300
200
100
50 10 152 0 25
(b) Mammals
150
100
50
0
51 0 152 0 25
Temperature r...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 22 pps
... was an entirely
bottom-up effort by the local community (not directed top-down
by governmental or nongovernmental agencies) and the diverse
groups have worked face -to- face from the beginning. ... triple
bottom line
approach . . .
EIPC22 10/24/ 05 2:21 PM Page 655
••
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS: MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS 6 45
stocking levels, by matching nitrogen supply...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 1 pptx
... Myr ago
(d) 32 Myr ago(c) 50 Myr ago
0
30
20
10
0
Paleotemperature (°C)
65
5
25
15
60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Millions of years ago
Paleo-
cene
Eocene
Oligo-
cene
Miocene Pl
Tropical ... 1
Organisms
EIPC01 10/24/ 05 1:42 PM Page 1
••••
14 CHAPTER 1
N
62
95
68
70
54
53
43
55
85
86
76
99
81
91
77
84
89
75
59
60
61
67
74
69
83
82
97
90
94
81
50
52
49
51
4...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 3 potx
... c
2
Absorbance
β-carotene
55 0
0.0
2.0
2 .5
400
Wavelength (nm)
50 0
1.0
450
1 .5
0 .5
(c)
Absorbance
Green algae
(f)
(arbitrary units)
750
Wavelength (nm)
60 050 0400 700 650 550 450
(a)
Absorbance
70 055 0 450
0.0
1.0
1 .5
500 650 600
0 .5
Chlorophyll ... date
(a)
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
Jun 14 Aug 3
Time of day
0400
255
455
4 05
355
3 05
20001200
Jul 4
CO
2
concen...
From Individuals to Ecosystems 4th Edition - Chapter 4 ppt
... to become adults. (After Pearl,
1928; Deevey, 1947.)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Survivorship (l
x
)
Low density
1000
750
50 0
250
50
100
0 5 10 15 20 25
Survivorship (l
x
)
Plant age
High density
1000
750
50 0
250
50
100
Medium ... density
1000
750
50 0
250
50
100
Medium density
0 5 10 15 20 25
Survivorship (l
x
)
1000
750
50 0
250
50
100
Figure 4.9 Survivorship curves...
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