Chapter 026 Confusion and Delirium (Part 4) pps

... skin and soft tissue infections, sepsis CNS infections: meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess Endocrinologic conditions Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism Chapter 026. Confusion and Delirium ... history and physical examination, while others require confirmation with laboratory studies, imaging, or other ancillary tests. A large, diverse group of insults can lead to deliriu...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... cause delirium, and mild derangements can lead to substantial cognitive disturbances in susceptible individuals. Other common metabolic etiologies include liver and renal failure, hypercarbia and ... deficiencies of thiamine and B 12 , autoimmune disorders including CNS vasculitis, and endocrinopathies such as thyroid and adrenal disorders. Systemic infections often cause d...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Chapter 026. Confusion and Delirium (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 26. Confusion and Delirium Confusion and Delirium: Introduction Confusion, a mental and behavioral ... delirium remain largely unknown and understudied. Some episodes of delirium continue for weeks, months, or even years. The persistence of delirium in some pat...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Chapter 026. Confusion and Delirium (Part 2) Epidemiology Delirium is a common disease, but its reported incidence has varied ... episode of delirium was viewed as a transient condition that carried a benign prognosis. Delirium has now been clearly associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality, and is increasingly ... home, and are more likely to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 1990. History Chapter 026. Confusion and Delirium (Part 3) Approach to the Patient: Delirium As the diagnosis of delirium is clinical and made at the bedside, a careful history and physical ... autonomic instability, and changes in affect Table 26-1 The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Diagnostic Algorithm The diagnosis of delirium requires the presence of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... evaluation Systemic infection screen Urinalysis and culture Chest radiograph Blood cultures Chapter 026. Confusion and Delirium (Part 6) LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION A cost-effective ... Endocrinologic laboratories: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4; cortisol and herbals) General physical examination and neurologic examination Complete bl...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Simple standard nursing practices such as maintaining proper nutrition and volume status as well as managing incontinence and skin breakdown also help to alleviate discomfort and resulting confusion. ... impairment, sleep deprivation, and dehydration. Significant reductions in the number and duration of episodes of delirium were observed in the treatment group, but unfortuna...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... on clinical grounds by the absence of spasticity and confirmed by EMG and nerve conduction tests. Chapter 023. Weakness and Paralysis (Part 4) Hemiparesis Hemiparesis results from an upper ... superior sagittal sinus or cortical venous thrombosis, and acute hydrocephalus. If upper motor neuron signs are associated with drowsiness, confusion, seizures, or other hemisp...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... syndrome); (4) a decrease in the effective anionic charge on albumin by acidosis; or (5) hyperviscosity and severe hyperlipidemia, which can lead to an underestimation of sodium and chloride ... Steps in Acid-Base Diagnosis 1. Obtain arterial blood gas (ABG) and electrolytes simultaneously. 2. Compare [HCO 3 - ] on ABG and electrolytes to verify accuracy. 3. Calculate anion ga...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... particularly SHBG; (3) impairment of the peripheral conversion of androgen precursors to active androgen; and (4) inhibition of androgen action at the target tissue level. Attenuation of hair ... the steps in the pathway of androgen synthesis and action: (1) suppression of adrenal and/ or ovarian androgen production; (2) enhancement of androgen-binding to plasma- binding proteins,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20