... countries. The lack is real, and the "brain drain," which is discussed below, continues. However, one reason doctors leave Africa is that they lack the tools to practice their trade there. ... commitment to the discovery and development of vaccines; of more reliable, less expensive diagnostic tools; and of new classes of therapeutic agents. This need applies not only to the three leading ... represents the highest standard of care for chronic disease, whether in the First World or the Third. Fourth, extreme poverty makes it difficult for many patients to comply with therapy for...