Chapter 003 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 8) docx

... considered, their relevant Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 8) Statistical Prediction Models Bayes' theorem, as presented above, deals with a clinical prediction problem ... of HIV infection and the prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in the population targeted. This model, which required over 75 separate data points, provides nove...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... whereas test specificity will be higher in outpatients. times more likely in a patient with the disease than in a patient without it. Most tests in medicine have likelihood ratios for a positive ... finding of a reversible exercise-induced perfusion defect has both a sensitivity and specificity of 90%, yielding a likelihood ratio for a positive test of 9.0 [0.90/(1 – 0.90)]. I...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... are on an ACE inhibitor. Routine measurement and reporting of such quality indicators can Reilly BM et al: Translating clinical research into clinical practice: Impact of using prediction ... little or no supporting evidence and, thus, reflect the expert consensus of the guideline panel. In part to protect against errors by individual panels, the final step in guideline construct...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... certain infectious diseases in potential (Chaps. 79 and 80). Consequently, the major impact of genetic testing in these cases is to allow more intensive clinical screening, as it remains very ... Chapter 064. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine (Part 8) Preventive measures and therapeutic interventions are not restricted to metabolic ... challenging to pre...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... 065. Gene Therapy in Clinical Medicine (Part 3) Long-Term Expression in Genetic Disease: In Vivo Gene Transfer with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral (AAV) Vectors Recombinant AAV vectors ... by mutations in several different genes; ~15% of cases of LCA are due to a mutation in a gene, RPE65, encoding a retinal pigment epithelial protein. In dogs with a null mutati...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 3. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine: ... Uncertainty is compounded by the information overload that characterizes modern medicine. Today's experienced clinician needs close to 2 million pieces of inform...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 2) The following three examples introduce the subject of clinical reasoning:  A 46-year-old man presents to his internist ... therefore more influential on clinical judgments. The third commonly used cognitive shortcut, the anchoring heuristic, involves estimating a probability by starting from a familiar point...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... disease is the underlying cause. The absence of a resting Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 3) Diagnostic Hypothesis Generation Cognitive scientists studying the thought ... make teaching diagnostic reasoning difficult is that expert clinicians do not follow a fixed pattern in patient examinations. From the outset, they are generating, refining, an...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... influence this role include the physician's knowledge, training, and experience. It is obvious that physicians cannot practice evidence-based medicine (EBM; described later in the chapter) if ... therapy in their heart failure patients because they are more familiar with what the targets are (as defined by large clinical trials), have more familiarity with the specific drugs...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... patients Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) Economic Incentives Economic incentives are closely related to the other two categories of practice-modifying factors. Financial ... understanding of the patient's problem qualifies as a diagnostic test. Thus, even the history and physical examination can be considered a form of diagnostic test. In...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20