... partners in the phenomenon. In the zooxanthella, heat stress has been demonstrated to reduce the photosynthetic rate by decreasing the effi-ciency of the photosystem II [4–6] and ⁄ or by causingdamage ... degeneration[8,9,53,56] and ⁄ or gastrodermal detachment [7,52,57].Nevertheless, independently of the resulting effect of the thermal stress, all mechanisms point to the involve-ment of oxidative stress in the ... indicate the His and Cys residues of the putative active site located in the large subunit. The six a -helix components of the prodomain are underlined.Apoptosis and oxidative stress in bleaching...