... extra-cellular K +concentration.Keywords: calcium ion; cardiac hypertrophy; cardiacmyocyte; epidermal growth factor; mitogen activatedprotein kinase; Na+ /K +-ATPase; ouabain; Ras; reactiveoxygen ... the mechanisms bywhich a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines,mitogens, and mechanical stimuli affect cardiac myocytehypertrophy [21]. Interestingly, in this highly active field,there ... EGF, epidermal growthfactor; Grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; MAPK,mitogen activated protein kinase; MEK, MAPK kinase; NF-jB,nuclear factor kappa B; PKC, protein kinase C; PLC,phospholipase...