A New Ecology - Systems Perspective - Chapter 10 ppsx

... OBSERVATIONS? Take a walk on a pleasant May day in a temperate deciduous forest, visit the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania when the wildebeests are emigrating North, paddle a canoe through a ... organization and operate hierarchically. This prin- ciple is used again and again when ecosystems are described: atoms, molecules, 246 A New Ecology: Systems Perspective Else_SP...

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... organism, soil type, drainage basin or depth in a water body. At a larger scale, regional and even globally distributed ecosystems can be evaluated based on a commonality of basic structural ... but they can be improved considerably when new methods, additional information, and additional observations are available. It may take 20 or maybe 50 years before we have the quality of an eco...

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... 10 9 10 9 10 Ϫ9 < ;10 Ϫ3 10 4 10 6 Cells 10 5 10 5 10 Ϫ5 10 10 3 1 10 2 Organs 10 2 10 2 10 Ϫ2 10 4 10 6 10 Ϫ3 –0.1 Organisms 1 1 1 10 6 10 8 10 Ϫ5 10 Ϫ3 Populations 10 Ϫ2 10 –2 10 2 10 8 10 10 10 Ϫ7 10 Ϫ5 Ecosystems ... substances are applied as illustrations. The excretion rate and uptake rate Chapter 2: Ecosystems have Openness 25...

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... that Einstein agreed with Born on the fact that the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, which originated in Göttingen and was subsequently elaborated at Cambridge and Copenhagen, cor- rectly ... 15:31 Page 38 40 A New Ecology: Systems Perspective Table 3.1 A non-exhaustive list of various authors who have addressed the issue of ontic openness of natural, physical, and bio...

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... calculation requires a large amount of data. Currently, the networks accompanying a seres of ecologi- cal stages have not yet been assembled. About the closest situation for which data are avail- able ... engender many-fold system circulations among the full community a process called network aggradation (Fath and Patten, 2001). All three behaviors can be traced to autocatalysis and its...

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... political, stem from the lack of a systems perspective that goes to remote, primary causes rather than stopping at proximate, derivative ones. Many systems analysis approaches are based on state-space ... recently WAND by Allesina and Bondavalli (2004) and NEA by Fath and Borrett (2006) are available to perform the necessary computation on network data and will ease the dissemination...

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... that local instabilities can be leading to regional steady-state situations. What we can see is that there are many empirical traps we can fall into. Maybe the connection of empirical research ... plus an additional mortality rate due to food shortage and an additional mortality rate caused by a dis- agreement between bill depth and the size and hardness of seeds. The beak depth can vary .....

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... is approximate due to the relationships of the peripheries, which expresses the exposure of an area to the environment. 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 110 1 10 2 10 3 1 10 10 2 10 3 10 4 1 10 10 2 10 3 10 4 Recovery ... contains amino base coding redundant amino base coding combinations in the sense that for some amino acids two or more combinations of amino bases are val...

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... is the area of the cli- matic zones. Tropical landmasses have a larger climatically similar total surface area than landmasses at higher latitudes with similarly small temperature fluctuations (Rosenzweig, ... as a mechanism of adaptation in a feedback loop creates an interactive system between an animal’s phenotype and its environment. 184 A New Ecology: Systems Perspective AB...

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... Eutrophicated Eutrophicated eutrophicated eutrophicated area before the area after the area area algae crash algae crash EnteromorphaϩUlva 2.099 28.211 264.642 1.273 Other macroalgae 16.141 2.138 6.152 ... non-eutrophicated and intermediate eutrophicated areas, the average annual biomass (gm Ϫ2 ) of each is given. For the eutrophicated area, the average biomass (gm Ϫ2 ) of each group before...

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